Superconducting devices with ferromagnetic barrier junctions
A superconducting memory cell includes a magnetic Josephson junction (MJJ) with a ferromagnetic material, having at least two switchable states of magnetization. The binary state of the MJJ manifests itself as a pulse appearing, or not appearing, on the output. A superconducting memory includes an array of memory cells. Each memory cell includes a comparator with at least one MJJ. Selected X and Y-directional write lines in their combination are capable of switching the magnetization of the MJJ. A superconducting device includes a first and a second junction in a stacked configuration. The first junction has an insulating layer barrier, and the second junction has an insulating layer sandwiched in-between two ferromagnetic layers as barrier. An electrical signal inputted across the first junction is amplified across the second junction.
1. A method of operating a superconducting electronic device, comprising: providing:
a Josephson junction, formed of a pair of superconducting films, separated by an intervening barrier comprising a non-superconducting magnetic material, which impedes direct tunneling between the pair of superconducting films, a magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material altering a property of the Josephson junction;
a pair of electrodes connected to the pair of superconducting films, configured to impose a voltage across the intervening barrier; and
a write port, configured to persistently change the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material;
generating pulses in the Josephson junction detected through the pair of electrodes in a first pattern;
changing the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material by a signal at the write port; and
after changing the magnetic state, generating pulses in the Josephson junction detected through the pair of electrodes in a second pattern.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
writing digital data as the signal to the write port with a digital computer; and
after writing, reading the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material to determine the digital data; and
operating the digital computer dependent on the determine the digital data.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises a non-superconducting magnetic material film, further comprising inducing a current flow in the film selectively dependent on the write port.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises a non-superconducting magnetic material film and an insulating film, between the at least two superconducting films.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises a non-superconducting magnetic material film sandwiched between two layers of insulating film, between the at least two superconducting films.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises at least two distinct layers of non-superconducting magnetic material film.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises a non-superconducting magnetic material particles embedded in a non-magnetic matrix.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises a non-superconducting magnetic material comprising at least one of iron and nickel.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, and aluminum nitride.
10. The superconducting electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the non-superconducting magnetic material comprises a ferromagnetic material.
11. The superconducting electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the Josephson junction comprises a pair of outer superconducting layers, separated by a first non-superconducting ferromagnetic material layer, over a first insulating layer, over a second non-superconducting ferromagnetic layer, over a barrier superconducting layer, over a second insulating layer.
12. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising storing digital information in a state of the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the non-superconducting magnetic material is formed in a layer having a thickness larger than a respective superconducting coherence length of the non-superconducting magnetic material, and a thickness smaller than a quasiparticle energy diffusion length of both the non-superconducting magnetic material and an adjacent superconducting layer, and a thickness smaller than the adjacent superconducting layer.
14. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising injecting quasiparticles into a superconducting layer, to create a non-equilibrium state with suppressed superconducting energy gap in the respective superconducting layer, from the non-superconducting magnetic material.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the write port is further configured to persistently change the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material between at least two different magnetic states comprises a first state associated with a generated single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse, and a second state associated with suppression of a generated single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse.
16. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a second Josephson junction in series with the superconducting electronic device, comprising a pair of superconducting layers with an intervening insulating layer.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the write port comprises a magnetic thin film transformer.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the intervening barrier comprises at least one non-superconducting ferromagnetic magnetic material film, and at least one insulating material film, and the superconducting electronic device is configured to act as a digital memory cell.
19. A method of operating a superconducting electronic device, comprising:
generating pulses with a Josephson junction, comprising a pair of superconducting films, separated by an intervening barrier comprising a non-superconducting magnetic material, which impedes direct tunneling between the pair of superconducting films, a magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material altering a property of the Josephson junction; a pair of electrodes connected to the pair of superconducting films, configured to impose a voltage across the intervening barrier; and a write port, configured to persistently change the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material; and
persistently changing the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material based on a signal at the write port, to thereby change a pattern of the generated pulses dependent on the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material.
20. A method of operating a superconducting electronic device, comprising: storing a magnetic state of a non-superconducting magnetic material;
imposing a voltage across a pair of electrodes;
generating pulses dependent on the stored magnetic state of a non-superconducting magnetic material, with a Josephson junction, comprising a pair of superconducting films connected to the pair of electrodes, separated by an intervening barrier comprising the non-superconducting magnetic material, which impedes direct tunneling between the pair of superconducting films;
changing the magnetic state of the non-superconducting magnetic material by a signal at a write port, to thereby change the pulses of the Josephson junction.