Solid-state lighting with an emergency power system
An emergency lighting and power system comprises a rechargeable battery, an LED driving circuit, and a charging and discharging control circuit. The emergency lighting and power system is intended to automatically supply illumination or power or both in an event of failure of normal power supply. The LED driving circuit is configured to convert a terminal voltage from the rechargeable battery into an AC voltage to operate a luminaire when a line voltage from AC mains is unavailable. The charging and discharging control circuit comprises at least two relay switches configured to sense a loss of normal power supply, to switch between normal power and an emergency power to operate the luminaire in proper situations, and to meet regulatory requirements without operational ambiguity and safety issues.
1. An emergency lighting and power system, comprising:
two electrical conductors configured to couple to alternate-current (AC) mains;
a rechargeable battery comprising a positive potential terminal and a negative potential terminal with a terminal voltage across thereof;
a full-wave rectifier assembly coupled to the two electrical conductors and configured to convert a line voltage from the AC mains into a first direct-current (DC) voltage with respect to a ground reference;
a light-emitting diode (LED) driving circuit comprising a transformer, the LED driving circuit configured to receive the terminal voltage and to convert the terminal voltage into a first supplied voltage with a predetermined power either when the line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable or when a recharge battery test is performed; and
a charging and discharging control circuit comprising a first relay switch and a second relay switch, wherein the first relay switch and the second relay switch respectively comprise a first coil with a first operating current and a second coil with a second operating current, and wherein each of the first coil and the second coil is coupled in series with the rechargeable battery and configured to provide a charging current path to charge the rechargeable battery to reach a rated value of the terminal voltage,
wherein:
the second relay switch further comprises a first pair of input electrical terminals, a second pair of input electrical terminals, and a third pair of input electrical terminals, wherein the third pair of input electrical terminals are configured to receive a first pick-up voltage to operate the second coil;
the second relay switch further comprises a pair of output electrical terminals configured to relay either the line voltage from the AC mains appeared at the first pair of input electrical terminals or the first supplied voltage appeared at the second pair of input electrical terminals to the pair of output electrical terminals; and
the rechargeable battery test is configured to investigate a condition of the rechargeable battery to see if the rated value of the terminal voltage is available at all times to operate the LED driving circuit in an event of power failure.
2. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 1 , wherein the first relay switch further comprises a first input electrical terminal, a second input electrical terminal, a fourth pair of input electrical terminals, and an output electrical terminal, wherein the fourth pair of input electrical terminals are configured to receive a second pick-up voltage to operate the first coil, and wherein the output electrical terminal is configured to relay the terminal voltage to the LED driving circuit and to operate thereof.
3. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 2 , wherein both the third pair of input electrical terminals and the fourth pair of input electrical terminals are coupled between the full-wave rectifier assembly and the rechargeable battery, and wherein, when the first DC voltage is greater than a sum of the terminal voltage and either the first pick-up voltage or the second pick-up voltage, both the first coil and the second coil operate to allow the first operating current and the second operating current combined to charge the rechargeable battery.
4. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 1 , wherein the full-wave rectifier assembly comprises a full-wave rectifier and at least one capacitor coupled between the two electrical conductors and the full-wave rectifier, wherein the at least one capacitor is configured to reduce the line voltage from the AC mains to a relatively low AC voltage, and wherein the full-wave rectifier is configured to convert the relatively low AC voltage into the first DC voltage without using an extra DC-to-DC converter.
5. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 1 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises a first electronic switch, a second electronic switch, and an input inductor coupled to the transformer, wherein the transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, wherein both the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch control charging and discharging of the primary winding, and wherein the secondary winding is coupled to the second pair of input electrical terminals of the second relay switch, providing the first supplied voltage with a predetermined power to operate an external luminaire either when the line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable or when the recharge battery test is performed.
6. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 5 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises an auxiliary winding and a diode rectifier coupled to the auxiliary winding, wherein the diode rectifier is configured to convert an AC voltage from the auxiliary winding into a second DC voltage, and wherein the second DC voltage is coupled to dimming input ports in the external luminaire to control power consumption thereof with a fraction of a rated full power and to maintain stability of the external luminaire without strobing.
7. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 5 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises a control winding coupled to the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch and configured to control on and off thereof and to create power pulses sustaining operations of the transformer.
8. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 7 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises a resistor coupled to a center-tap of the control winding and configured to feed the terminal voltage to the control winding creating bias voltages to operate the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch in alternate cycles, thus providing switching in operation of the transformer.
9. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 5 , wherein each of the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch comprises either a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) or a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).
10. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 5 , wherein the charging and discharging control circuit further comprises a test switch coupled in parallel with the first coil and the second coil and configured to initiate the rechargeable battery test, wherein, when the test switch is pressed during the rechargeable battery test, both the first coil and the second coil are disabled, and wherein the first relay switch is configured to relay the terminal voltage to the primary winding and to operate the transformer.
11. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 1 , wherein the charging and discharging control circuit further comprises at least one pair of electrical contacts coupled between the rechargeable battery and both the first coil and the second coil and configured to connect to the rechargeable battery to charge and discharge thereof.
12. The emergency lighting and power system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one pair of electrical contacts comprise electrical contacts in a switch, a relay, and a jumper, or electrical terminals configured to accommodate jumper wires.
13. A light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system, comprising:
a luminaire, comprising:
one or more LED arrays with a forward voltage; and
a power supply unit, comprising:
two main electrical conductors;
a main full-wave rectifier coupled to the at least two electrical conductors, the main full-wave rectifier configured to convert a voltage inputted from the at least two electrical conductors into a fourth direct-current (DC) voltage;
a power switching converter comprising a main transformer and a power factor correction (PFC) and power switching circuit, wherein the PFC and power switching circuit is coupled to the main full-wave rectifier via the input filter and configured to improve a power factor, to reduce voltage ripples, and to convert the fourth DC voltage into a fifth DC voltage, wherein the fifth DC voltage is configured to couple to the one or more LED arrays to operate thereon, and wherein the power switching converter further comprises a pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit and a pair of dimming input ports configured to receive a 0-to-10 V (volts) signal, a 1-to-10 V signal, a PWM signal, or a signal from a variable resistor used in luminaire dimming applications; and
an emergency lighting and power system, comprising:
two un-switched electrical conductors configured to couple to alternate-current (AC) mains;
a rechargeable battery comprising a positive potential terminal and a negative potential terminal with a terminal voltage across thereof;
a full-wave rectifier assembly coupled to the two electrical conductors and configured to convert a line voltage from the AC mains into a first DC voltage with respect to a ground reference;
an LED driving circuit comprising a transformer, the LED driving circuit configured to receive the terminal voltage and to convert the terminal voltage into a first supplied voltage either when the line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable or when a recharge battery test is performed; and
a charging and discharging control circuit comprising a first relay switch and a second relay switch, wherein the first relay switch and the second relay switch respectively comprise a first coil with a first operating current and a second coil with a second operating current, and wherein each of the first coil and the second coil is coupled in series with the rechargeable battery and configured to provide a charging current path to charge the rechargeable battery to reach a rated value of the terminal voltage,
wherein:
the second relay switch further comprises a first pair of input electrical terminals, a second pair of input electrical terminals, and a third pair of input electrical terminals, wherein the third pair of input electrical terminals are configured to receive a first pick-up voltage to operate the second coil;
the second relay switch further comprises a pair of output electrical terminals configured to relay either the line voltage from the AC mains appeared at the first pair of input electrical terminals or the first supplied voltage appeared at the second pair of input electrical terminals to the pair of output electrical terminals; and
the rechargeable battery test is configured to investigate a condition of the rechargeable battery to see if the rated value of the terminal voltage is available at all times to operate the LED driving circuit in an event of power failure.
14. The LED lighting system of claim 13 , wherein the first relay switch further comprises a first input electrical terminal, a second input electrical terminal, a fourth pair of input electrical terminals, and an output electrical terminal, wherein the fourth pair of input electrical terminals is configured to receive a second pick-up voltage to operate the first coil, and wherein the output electrical terminal is configured to relay the terminal voltage to the LED driving circuit and to operate thereof.
15. The LED lighting system of claim 14 , wherein both the third pair of input electrical terminals and the fourth pair of input electrical terminals are coupled between the full-wave rectifier assembly and the rechargeable battery, and wherein, when the first DC voltage is greater than a sum of the terminal voltage and either the first pick-up voltage or the second pick-up voltage, both the first coil and the second coil operate to allow the first operating current and the second operating current combined to charge the rechargeable battery.
16. The LED lighting system of claim 13 , wherein the full-wave rectifier assembly comprises a full-wave rectifier and at least one capacitor coupled between the two electrical conductors and the full-wave rectifier, wherein the at least one capacitor is configured to reduce the line voltage from the AC mains to a relatively low AC voltage, and wherein the full-wave rectifier is configured to convert the relatively low AC voltage into the first DC voltage without using an extra DC-to-DC converter.
17. The LED lighting system of claim 13 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises a first electronic switch, a second electronic switch, and an input inductor coupled to the transformer, wherein the transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, wherein both the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch control charging and discharging of the primary winding, and wherein the secondary winding is coupled to the second pair of input electrical terminals of the second relay switch, providing the first supplied voltage to the luminaire to operate thereof either when the line voltage from the AC mains is unavailable or when a recharge battery test is performed.
18. The LED lighting system of claim 17 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises an auxiliary winding and a diode rectifier coupled to the auxiliary winding, wherein the diode rectifier is configured to convert an AC voltage from the auxiliary winding into a second DC voltage, and wherein the second DC voltage is coupled to the pair of dimming input ports to control power consumption thereof with a fraction of a rated full power and to maintain stability of the luminaire without strobing.
19. The LED lighting system of claim 17 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises a control winding coupled to the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch and configured to control on and off thereof and to create power pulses sustaining operations of the transformer.
20. The LED lighting system of claim 19 , wherein the LED driving circuit further comprises a resistor coupled to a center-tap of the control winding and configured to feed the terminal voltage to the control winding creating bias voltages to operate the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch in alternate cycles, thus providing switching in operation of the transformer.
21. The LED lighting system of claim 17 , wherein the charging and discharging control circuit further comprises a test switch coupled in parallel with the first coil and the second coil and configured to initiate the rechargeable battery test, wherein, when the test switch is pressed during the rechargeable battery test, both the first coil and the second coil are disabled, and wherein the first relay switch is configured to relay the terminal voltage to the primary winding and to power up the transformer.