Measuring loudspeaker nonlinearity and asymmetry
Loudspeaker parameters are measured separately for various forward and rearward cone displacements, using a test signal that permits measurement of parameters at various degrees of either forward or rearward cone movement. The test signal uses a brief frequency sweep signal such as a logarithmic sweep signal, in combination with a very low frequency (VLF) audio tone having a fundamental frequency below, e.g., 10 Hz. The very low frequency audio tone may have a sine wave shape, a square wave shape or a clipped sine wave shape.
1. A method of testing a speaker, comprising:
applying a test drive signal to the speaker, the test drive signal comprising a brief frequency sweep signal in combination with a very low frequency audio tone having a fundamental frequency below 10 Hz;
determining first response parameters of the speaker associated with the test drive signal at a first cone excursion of the speaker;
determining second response parameters of the speaker associated with the test drive signal at a second cone excursion of the speaker; and
comparing the first and second response parameters to determine whether they differ by more than a target threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
in response to determining that the first and second response parameters differ by a value greater than the target threshold, determining that at least one characteristic of the speaker is unacceptable.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
in response to determining that the first and second response parameters differ by a value less than the target threshold, determining that at least one characteristic of the speaker is acceptable.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a fundamental frequency below 5 Hz.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a fundamental frequency below 1 Hz.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a shape selected from the group consisting of a sine wave shape, a square wave shape, and a clipped sine wave shape.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low frequency tone is produced at a plurality of amplitudes.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frequency sweep signal is a logarithmic frequency sweep signal.
9. An apparatus to test a speaker, comprising:
an audio band output having electrical terminals for connection to the speaker;
an audio power amplifier with extended low frequency response to approximately 0.2 Hz connected to the electrical terminals for connection to the speaker;
an audio band input;
at least one processing unit; and
a memory, the memory containing program code configured to be executed by the at least one processing unit to:
output a test signal to the electrical output terminals, wherein the test signal comprises a very low frequency tone with a fundamental frequency below 10 Hz,
receive a a measure of voltage and current at the electrical terminals for connection to the speaker,
determine an impedance of the speaker from the measured voltage and current, and
calculate characteristic parameters of the speaker including at least resonance frequency from the voltage and current.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a fundamental frequency below 5 Hz.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a fundamental frequency below 1 Hz.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a shape selected from the group consisting of a sine wave shape, a square wave shape, and a clipped sine wave shape.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the low frequency tone is produced at a plurality of amplitudes.
14. A program product, comprising:
program code that is configured to
produce a test drive signal for application to a speaker, the test drive signal comprising a brief frequency sweep signal in combination with a very low frequency audio tone having a fundamental frequency below 10 Hz;
determine first response parameters of the speaker associated with the test drive signal at a first cone excursion of the speaker;
determine second response parameters of the speaker associated with the test drive signal at a second cone excursion of the speaker; and
compare the first and second response parameters to determine whether they differ by more than a target threshold; and
a non-transitory computer recordable medium bearing the program code.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a fundamental frequency below 5 Hz.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a fundamental frequency below 1 Hz.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the very low frequency tone has a shape selected from the group consisting of a sine wave shape, a square wave shape, and a clipped sine wave shape.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the low frequency tone is produced at a plurality of amplitudes.