Methods of treating cancer
The present invention relates to methods of treating cancer in a human subject in need thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to treating a cancer by administering a recombinant virus which expresses one or more biotherapeutic agents in a subject, and administering to the subject a nucleotide analogue or nucleotide precursor analogue chemotherapeutic agent. The invention further relates to method for treating cancer by administering a nucleotide analogue or nucleotide precursor analogue chemotherapeutic agent and a caspase inhibitor, and, optionally, also administering a recombinant virus expressing one or more biotherapeutic agents in the subject. The invention also relates to a method for treating cancer by administering purified interferon gamma to a subject and administering to the subject a nucleotide analogue or nucleotide precursor analogue chemotherapeutic agent. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, including controlled release pharmaceutical compositions containing: a nucleotide analogue or nucleotide precursor analogue chemotherapeutic agent and a recombinant virus; a nucleotide analogue or nucleotide analogue precursor chemotherapeutic agent and a caspase inhibitor; or a purified interferon gamma and a nucleotide analogue or nucleotide precursor analogue chemotherapeutic agent.
1. A method of treating a human subject suffering from a cancer comprising cells deficient in a caspase-dependent cell death pathway, the method comprising:
(i) administering, intralesionally, to the human subject a replication-deficient recombinant virus for expression of interferon gamma in the human subject; and
(ii) administering, intralesionally, to the human subject a therapeutically effective dose of Fluorouracil of about 0.02 mg/lesion to about 10 mg/lesion.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dose of Fluorouracil avoids induction of more than a moderate adverse event in the human subject.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant virus is a recombinant DNA virus.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant virus is a recombinant RNA virus.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant virus is an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus (AAV), a herpes simplex virus (HSV), a lentivirus, an Alphavirus, a Flavivirus, a Paramyxovirus, a Rhabdovirus, or a Orthomyxovirus.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant virus is an adenovirus.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising administering one or more immune response-inducing or enhancing agents.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administrations are performed separately.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the replication-deficient recombinant virus and the Fluorouracil are administered in a combined pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(i) the therapeutically effective dose of Fluorouracil, and
(ii) the recombinant virus.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject to be treated was identified as suffering from a cancer that is refractory or resistant to treatment with Fluorouracil alone.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is basal cell carcinoma.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of colorectal cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
14. A pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of a cancer comprising cells deficient in a caspase-dependent cell death pathway, the pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(i) a non-replicative recombinant virus for expression of interferon gamma in a human subject; and
(ii) about 0.02 mg/lesion to about 10 mg Fluorouracil, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for intralesional administration.
15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 , further comprising a controlled release matrix which comprises SiO2 matrix gel.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 , wherein the recombinant virus is an adenovirus.