Drug delivery device and methods for using same
Devices for intranasal administration of naloxone are disclosed. The devices comprise a foam applicator and are configured to locate an applicator comprising a naloxone composition. in proximity to the middle turbinate and/or inferior turbinate. Naloxone can be delivered to the nasal mucosa by squeezing the nostril against the applicator. The device and methods of using the devices can be used to treat an opioid overdose.
1. A method for treating an opioid overdose in a patient, comprising:
(a) inserting an applicator of a device into the nasal cavity of a nostril of a patient having an opioid overdose, wherein the device comprises:
a handle comprising a proximate end and a distal end;
a nasal stop attached to the handle toward the distal end; and
an applicator coupled to the distal end, wherein the applicator comprises a naloxone hydrochloride composition,
wherein the distance between the nasal stop and the distal end of the applicator is from 15 mm to 30 mm;
(b) bringing the stop into contact with the anterior naris to situate the applicator in proximity to the middle turbinate and the inferior turbinate; and
(c) squeezing the nostril against the applicator for from 1 second to 5 seconds to release the naloxone hydrochloride composition from the applicator and to administer the naloxone hydrochloride composition to the nasal mucosa,
to thereby treat the opioid overdose,
wherein following administration to a population of patients the method provides a plasma naloxone pharmacokinetic profile characterized by a T max less than 0.3 (±10%) hour and a C max from 4,400 (±10%) pg/mL to 6,600 (±10%) pg/mL.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein inserting, bringing, and squeezing are performed by a person other than the patient having the opioid overdose.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein inserting the applicator comprises contacting the nasal mucosa between 15 mm to 30 mm from the anterior naris.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein, after squeezing the nostril, releasing the nostril and removing the applicator from the nostril.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein, while squeezing the nostril, removing the applicator from the nostril.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises, repeating steps (a), (b), and (c) using a new device on the same nostril of the patient.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises, repeating steps (a), (b), and (c) using a new device on a different nostril of the patient.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein squeezing the nostril results in greater than 30 vol % of the naloxone hydrochloride composition initially retained by the applicator being released from the applicator.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein squeezing the nostril results in greater than 30 wt % of the naloxone hydrochloride composition initially retained by the applicator being released from the applicator.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in from 4 mg to 20 mg of naloxone hydrochloride being released from the applicator.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the opioid overdose is caused by buprenorphine, carfentanil, codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, opium, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applicator has a diameter from 6 mm to 12 mm and a length from 12 mm to 30 mm.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applicator is characterized by a release of naloxone HCl with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 6%.
14. The method of any one of claim 1 , wherein the applicator comprises from 70 μL to 350 μL of the naloxone hydrochloride composition.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the naloxone hydrochloride composition comprises from 1 mg to 20 mg of naloxone hydrochloride.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the naloxone hydrochloride composition comprises a naloxone concentration from 20 mg/mL to 80 mg/mL.
17. A method for treating an opioid overdose in a patient, comprising:
(a) inserting an applicator of a device into the nasal cavity of a nostril of a patient having an opioid overdose, wherein the device comprises:
a handle comprising a proximate end and a distal end;
a nasal stop attached to the handle toward the distal end; and
an applicator coupled to the distal end, wherein the applicator comprises a naloxone hydrochloride composition,
wherein the distance between the nasal stop and the distal end of the applicator is from 15 mm to 30 mm;
(b) bringing the stop into contact with the anterior naris to situate the applicator in proximity to the middle turbinate and the inferior turbinate; and
(c) squeezing the nostril against the applicator for from 1 second to 5 seconds to release the naloxone hydrochloride composition from the applicator and to administer the naloxone hydrochloride composition to the nasal mucosa,
to thereby treat the opioid overdose,
wherein following administration to a population of patients the method provides a plasma naloxone pharmacokinetic profile that is bioequivalent to a pharmacokinetic profile characterized by a C max of 5,700 (±10%) pg/mL, a T max of 0.26 (±10%) hours, and a AUC last of 8,000 (±10%) pg×hr/mL.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein inserting, bringing, and squeezing are performed by a person other than the patient having the opioid overdose.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein inserting the applicator comprises contacting the nasal mucosa between 15 mm to 30 mm from the anterior naris.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein, after squeezing the nostril, releasing the nostril and removing the applicator from the nostril.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein, while squeezing the nostril, removing the applicator from the nostril.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein squeezing the nostril results in greater than 30 vol % of the naloxone hydrochloride composition initially retained by the applicator being released from the applicator.
23. The method of claim 17 , wherein squeezing the nostril results in greater than 30 wt % of the naloxone hydrochloride composition initially retained by the applicator being released from the applicator.
24. The method of claim 17 , wherein the method results in from 4 mg to 20 mg of naloxone hydrochloride being released from the applicator.
25. The method of claim 17 , wherein the opioid overdose is caused by buprenorphine, carfentanil, codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, opium, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
26. The method of claim 17 , wherein the applicator has a diameter from 6 mm to 12 mm and a length from 12 mm to 30 mm.
27. The method of claim 17 , wherein the applicator is characterized by a release of naloxone HCl with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 6%.
28. The method of claim 17 , wherein the applicator comprises from 70 μL to 350 μL of the naloxone hydrochloride composition.
29. The method of claim 17 , wherein the naloxone hydrochloride composition comprises from 1 mg to 20 mg of naloxone hydrochloride.
30. The method of claim 17 , wherein the naloxone hydrochloride composition comprises a naloxone concentration from 20 mg/mL to 80 mg/mL.