Apparatus for generating refrigeration for cooling target and method of cooling target using the same
This application relates to an apparatus for generating refrigeration. The apparatus may include a cooling collector configured to collect cooling energy at a predetermined cooling collection temperature. The apparatus may also include a cooler thermally coupled to the cooling collector so as to cool the cooling collector. The apparatus may further include a refrigeration gate configured to block and release the collected cooling energy. The refrigeration gate may refrigerate a target region by releasing the collected cooling energy.
1. An apparatus for generating refrigeration comprising,
a cooling accumulator configured to accumulate cooling energy;
a cooler thermally connected to the cooling accumulator and configured to cool the cooling accumulator;
a cooling gate configured to selectively block or allow transmission of the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator to a target, the cooling gate comprising a first surface in direct physical contact with the cooling accumulator and a second surface opposing the first surface; and
a controller configured to:
perform a first cooling operation of cooling the cooling accumulator to a target cooling temperature T target by controlling the cooler to generate the cooling energy such that the cooling energy is transferred from the cooler to the cooling accumulator;
control the cooling gate to generate cooling energy on the first surface thereof and heat the second surface such that the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator is not transferred from the cooling accumulator to the cooling gate; and
perform a second cooling operation of cooling the target to the target cooling temperature T target by controlling the cooling gate such that the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator is transferred from the cooling accumulator to the second surface of the cooling gate configured to contact the target.
2. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 1 , wherein the cooler is configured to work through at least one of a Peltier effect, a phase change effect, a Joule-Thomson effect or a thermodynamic cycle.
3. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 1 , wherein the cooler has a cooling output greater than a cooling output of the cooling gate.
4. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 3 , wherein the cooling accumulator is polyhedral, and wherein a plurality of faces of the cooling accumulator are configured to thermally connect to a cooling element included in the cooler.
5. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 3 , wherein the cooling accumulator comprises a face configured to thermally connect to a cooling element included in the cooler.
6. A cooling method, comprising,
providing a cooling apparatus that comprises:
a cooling accumulator configured to accumulate cooling energy,
a cooler thermally connected to the cooling accumulator and configured to cool the cooling accumulator,
a cooling gate configured to selectively block or allow transmission of the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator to a target, the cooling gate comprising a first surface in direct physical contact with the cooling accumulator and a second surface opposing the first surface, and
a controller;
performing, by the controller, a first cooling operation of cooling the cooling accumulator to a target cooling temperature T target by controlling the cooler to generate the cooling energy such that the cooling energy is transferred from the cooler to the cooling accumulator; and
controlling, by the controller, the cooling gate to generate cooling energy on the first surface thereof and heat the second surface such that the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator is not transferred from the cooling accumulator to the cooling gate;
performing a second cooling operation of cooling a target to the target cooling temperature T target by controlling the cooling gate such that the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator is transferred from the cooling accumulator to the second surface of the cooling gate configured to contact the target.
7. An apparatus for generating refrigeration, comprising,
a substrate on which cooling is configured to be performed;
a cooling accumulator configured to accumulate cooling energy;
a plurality of coolers thermally connected to the cooling accumulator and configured to cool the cooling accumulator;
a plurality of cooling gates configured to selectively block and allow transmission of the cooling energy to the substrate, each of the plurality of cooling gates comprising a first surface in direct physical contact with the cooling accumulator and a second surface opposing the first surface;
a cooling operator including an opening which exposes a portion of the substrate, and configured to thermally transfer the cooling energy transmitted through the plurality of cooling gates to the substrate; and,
a controller configured to:
perform a first cooling operation of cooling the cooling accumulator to a target cooling temperature T target by controlling the plurality of coolers to generate the cooling energy such that the cooling energy is transferred from the plurality of coolers to the cooling accumulator;
control each of the plurality of cooling gates to generate cooling energy on the first surface thereof and heat the second surface such that the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator is not transferred from the cooling accumulator to the plurality of cooling gates; and
perform a second cooling operation of cooling the substrate to the target cooling temperature T target by controlling the plurality of cooling gates such that the cooling energy accumulated in the cooling accumulator is transferred from the cooling accumulator to the second surface of each of the plurality of cooling gates configured to contact the cooling operator.
8. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 1 , wherein during the first cooling operation, the controller is configured to apply a first current flowing in a first direction to the cooling gate such that the target is maintained at a temperature different from the target cooling temperature T target , and wherein, during the second cooling operation, the controller is configured to apply a second current, flowing in a second direction opposite to the first direction, to the cooling gate.
9. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to maintain a temperature of the cooling accumulator at the target cooling temperature T target until the second cooling operation is performed.
10. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 1 , wherein the cooling accumulator comprises a metal matrix comprising at least one of gold, silver, copper, or aluminum.
11. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 1 , wherein the cooling accumulator comprises a block with a fluid channel containing a fluid continuously flowing therethrough.
12. The apparatus for generating refrigeration of claim 1 , wherein the cooling accumulator comprises a top wall and a plurality of sidewalls extending from the top wall, wherein the cooling gate is attached to the top wall, wherein the cooler comprises a plurality of cooler elements, each being attached to one of the plurality of sidewalls.
13. The cooling method of claim 6 , wherein performing the first cooling operation comprises applying a first current flowing in a first direction to the cooling gate such that the target is maintained at a temperature different from the target cooling temperature T target , and wherein performing the second cooling operation comprises applying a second current, flowing in a second direction opposite to the first direction, to the cooling gate.