Medical guidewires with controllable features

1. A guidewire assembly for positioning within a body of a patient comprising:

a guidewire shaft having a proximal section and a distal section, wherein the distal section is configured to move within the body of a patient when the guidewire assembly is in a first operating state, and wherein the distal section is configured to expand radially outward when the guidewire assembly is in a second operating state to engage an interior surface of the body and inhibit movement of the guidewire shaft;

at least one movable member coupled to the distal section of the guidewire shaft, wherein the moveable member comprises a magnetic material and moves radially outward when the guidewire assembly transitions from the first operating state to the second operating state; and

an electromagnetic coil positioned at the distal section of the guidewire shaft, to cause the moveable member to move radially outward when the guidewire assembly is in the second operating state;

wherein: the at least one movable member includes a north magnetic pole and a south magnetic pole; the electromagnetic coil includes a north magnetic pole and a south magnetic pole; and the north magnetic pole of the at least one moveable member is coupled to the distal section of the guidewire shaft proximate to the south magnetic pole of the electromagnetic coil.

2. The guidewire assembly of claim 1 , wherein an area of the electromagnetic coil proximate to the at least one moveable member has an opposite magnetic polarity from the magnetic material of the at least one moveable member.

3. The guidewire assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one moveable member is coupled to the guidewire shaft with a hinge.

4. The guidewire assembly of claim 1 , further comprising at least ten moveable members.

5. The guidewire assembly of claim 4 , further comprising a plurality of rows of moveable members.

6. The guidewire assembly of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of rows of moveable members form a helix around the distal portion of the guidewire shaft.

7. The guidewire assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one moveable member lies flush with an exterior surface of the guidewire shaft when the guidewire assembly is in the first operating state.

8. The guidewire assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic coil moves longitudinally within the guidewire shaft.

9. The guidewire assembly of claim 1 , wherein the distal section of the guidewire shaft comprises:

a distal tip;

a first shaft extension extending proximally from the distal tip to a section of the guidewire shaft proximal to the distal tip; and

a second shaft extension extending proximally from the distal tip to the section of the guidewire shaft proximal to the distal tip;

wherein:

the first shaft extension and the second shaft extension are interwoven;

an exterior surface of the first shaft extension and an exterior surface of the second shaft extension contact when the guidewire assembly is in the first operating state; and

the exterior surface of the first shaft extension and the exterior surface of the second shaft extension are not contacting and are radially expanded in the second operating state.

10. The guidewire assembly of claim 9 , wherein the transitioning from the first operating state to the second operating includes untwisting the first shaft extension from the second shaft extension.

11. The guidewire assembly of claim 9 , wherein the first extension and the second extension include a metal from the nitinol, stainless steel and/or cobalt-chromium families of alloys.

12. The guidewire assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic coil is positioned within an interior portion of the guidewire shaft.

13. A guidewire assembly for positioning within a body of a patient comprising:

a guidewire shaft having a proximal section and a distal section, wherein the distal section is configured to move within the body of a patient when the guidewire assembly is in a first operating state, and wherein the distal section is configured to expand radially outward when the guidewire assembly is in a second operating state to engage an interior surface of the body and inhibit movement of the guidewire shaft;

at least one movable member coupled to the distal section of the guidewire shaft, wherein the moveable member comprises a magnetic material and moves radially outward when the guidewire assembly transitions from the first operating state to the second operating state; and

an electromagnetic coil positioned at the distal section of the guidewire shaft, to cause the moveable member to move radially outward when the guidewire assembly is in the second operating state;

the at least one movable member includes a north magnetic pole and a south magnetic pole;

the electromagnetic coil includes a north magnetic pole and a south magnetic pole; and

the south magnetic pole of the at least one moveable member is coupled to the distal section of the guidewire shaft proximate to the north magnetic pole of the electromagnetic coil.

14. The guidewire assembly of claim 13 , wherein an area of the electromagnetic coil proximate to the at least one moveable member has an opposite magnetic polarity from the magnetic material of the at least one moveable member.

15. The guidewire assembly of claim 13 , wherein the at least one moveable member is coupled to the guidewire shaft with a hinge.

16. The guidewire assembly of claim 13 , further comprising at least ten moveable members.

17. The guidewire assembly of claim 13 , further comprising a plurality of rows of moveable members.

18. The guidewire assembly of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of rows of moveable members form a helix around the distal portion of the guidewire shaft.

19. The guidewire assembly of claim 13 , wherein the at least one moveable member lies flush with an exterior surface of the guidewire shaft when the guidewire assembly is in the first operating state.

20. The guidewire assembly of claim 13 , wherein the electromagnetic coil moves longitudinally within the guidewire shaft.