Mitigation of alkali-silica reaction in concrete using readily-soluble chemical additives
A manufacturing method includes: (1) incorporating at least one soluble, calcium, magnesium, or other divalent cation-containing additive into a concrete mixture including aggregates prone to alkali-silica reaction; and (2) curing the concrete mixture to form a concrete product.
1. A manufacturing method, comprising:
subjecting aggregates to pre-treatment to form pre-treated aggregates;
incorporating the pre-treated aggregates into a concrete mixture; and
curing the concrete mixture to form a concrete product,
wherein subjecting the aggregates to pre-treatment includes exposing the aggregates to a solution including a divalent cation-containing additive.
2. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the aggregates to pre-treatment includes forming a divalent cation-containing interfacial barrier at least partially covering the aggregates.
3. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the aggregates include silica, and the divalent cation-containing additive suppresses alkali-silica reaction of the aggregates.
4. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the aggregates include at least one of (a) silicate glass or (b) strained or microcrystalline quartz.
5. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , further comprising identifying the aggregates as prone to alkali-silica reaction, and wherein subjecting the aggregates to pre-treatment is responsive to identifying the aggregates as prone to alkali-silica reaction.
6. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein exposing the aggregates to a solution including a divalent cation-containing additive includes adjusting an amount of the divalent cation-containing additive according to at least one of an amount of the aggregates or a reactivity of the aggregates.
7. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent cation-containing additive is a calcium-containing salt, a magnesium-containing salt, or the combination thereof.
8. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent cation-containing additive is a calcium-containing salt.
9. The manufacturing method of claim 8 , wherein the calcium-containing salt is calcium chloride or calcium nitrite.
10. The manufacturing method of claim 9 , wherein the calcium-containing salt is calcium nitrate.
11. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the concrete mixture includes a cement, and the divalent cation-containing additive is incorporated into the concrete mixture in an amount of at least 1% by mass, relative to a mass of the cement included in the concrete mixture.
12. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the divalent cation-containing additive is incorporated into the concrete mixture in an amount sufficient to attain an initial concentration of the divalent cation ions in a pore solution of the concrete mixture of at least 30 mM.
13. The manufacturing method of claim 2 , wherein the divalent cation-containing interfacial barrier includes calcium-silicate-hydrate and calcite.