Single active layer electrochromic devices
In one embodiment, an electrochromic device includes a single active layer configured to be alternately placed in a light-transmitting state in which relatively large amounts of light can be transmitted through the active layer and a light-blocking state in which relatively small amounts of light can be transmitted through the active layer, wherein the device comprises no other layers of material that contribute to transitioning between the two states.
1. A method for controlling transmission of light, the method comprising:
applying an electrical potential to a predetermined active layer of an electrochromic device
to cause the electrochromic device to enter a light-blocking state in which the predetermined active layer is opaque, wherein the predetermined active layer comprises a base polymer, an acid, an oxidant, and a colored material; and
reversing the electrical potential applied to the predetermined active layer to cause the device to enter a light-transmitting state in which the predetermined active layer is substantially transparent;
wherein the device comprises no other active layer other than the predetermined active layer that contribute to transitioning between the light-blocking state and the light-transmitting state.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying an electrical potential comprises applying approximately 1.5 V to 2.0 V to the predetermined active layer.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said reversing the electrical potential comprises reducing the electrical potential applied to the predetermined active layer to approximately 0 V to −0.5 V.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying includes applying the electrical potential to the predetermined active layer sandwiched between first and second transparent or translucent layers of material.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying includes applying the electrical potential to the predetermined active layer comprising a dye.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying includes applying the electrical potential to the predetermined active layer comprising a conducting polymer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said applying includes applying the electrical potential to the predetermined active layer comprising one or more of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly (vinyl acetate), poly (vinyl alcohol co-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol, poly (methyl methacrylate, poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene ethylene), poly (vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol)-acrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, poly(vinyl nitrate), substituted (butyryl, palmitic, capryloyl, lauric, myristic, and stearic acids, myristol, halogens, azide, or amines, poly(vinyl alcohol), carboxylated poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl acetate-co-acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol-co-acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol)-acrylamide, poly(vinyl alcohol)-salicylic acid, poly(vinyl methyl ketone), and a mixture thereof.