Systems and methods for detecting and mitigating cyber attacks on power systems comprising distributed energy resources
View Patent ↗Extensive deployment of interoperable distributed energy resources (DER) on power systems is increasing the power system cybersecurity attack surface. National and jurisdictional interconnection standards require DER to include a range of autonomous and commanded grid-support functions which can drastically influence power quality, voltage, and the generation-load balance. Investigations of the impact to the power system in scenarios where communications and operations of DER are controlled by an adversary show that each grid-support function exposes the power system to distinct types and magnitudes of risk. The invention provides methods for minimizing the risks to distribution and transmission systems using an engineered control system which detects and mitigates unsafe control commands.
1. A method for mitigating a cyber attack on a power system that comprises distributed energy resources (DER) and a DER communication system, comprising:
detecting and mitigating unsafe commands in the DER communication system with an intrusion detection system (IDS) or intrusion prevention system (IPS), by
establishing a set of allowable ranges for grid support settings for the DER,
comparing a grid support setting from a DER command to a corresponding established range for that grid-support setting;
determining if the grid support setting is outside the established range for that grid-support setting;
in response to determining if the grid support setting is outside the established range for that grid-support setting:
prevent the DER from executing the DER command;
initiate an alarm;
connect the alarm to a computer system that locks a user who originated the command out of the computer system for a period of time;
restore the user access to the computer system after the period of time.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alarm is provided to a user selected from the group consisting of DER owners, DER vendors, aggregators, utilities, grid operators, and federal agents.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising taking a corrective action upon determining an unsafe DER command.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the corrective action is selected from the group consisting of dropping the command from the DER, resetting the DER or a collection of DERs operating modes to a known safe configuration, prevent further communications to the DER or the collection on DERs for a period of time, revoke credentials of an operator who issued the unsafe command, or reconfigure DER communication system.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the IDS or IPS is part of a DER controller.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the IDS or IPS is included in DER equipment, a communication gateway at a DER facility, a bump-in-the-wire or networking device, a DER vendor, aggregator, or owner/operator control or networking system, or a firewall, a utility firewall or networking systems, or a utility control software.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more grid support functions are selected from a group consisting of IEEE Std. 1547-2018 functions, frequency ride-through, voltage ride-through trip settings, normal ramp rate, soft-start ramp rate, frequency-watt, voltage-watt, connect or disconnect, limit maximum real power, power factor, volt-var mode, watt-power factor, and fixed reactive power.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the engineered control system comprises software or firmware verification or validation.