Quick liquid exchange in liquid chromatography

1. A liquid chromatographic (LC) system comprising a liquid chromatography pump comprising at least one pump head comprising a primary pump head and a secondary pump head, each comprising a syringe-like cylinder body having an inner wall surface and a plunger translatable through the cylinder body leaving an interspace between the inner wall surface and the plunger when the plunger is translated through the cylinder body, an upstream inlet valve configured to allow liquid into the cylinder body and a downstream outlet valve configured to allow liquid out of the cylinder body, the downstream outlet valve of the primary pump head being connected to the upstream inlet valve of the secondary pump head, and wherein the LC system further comprises at least one liquid-exchange pump connected either to the upstream inlet valve of the primary pump head or to the downstream outlet valve of the secondary pump head, wherein said at least one liquid-exchange pump is configured for exchanging a liquid present in the cylinder bodies of the primary and the secondary pump heads with another liquid by purging through the interspaces left between the inner wall surfaces of the cylinder bodies and the plungers, respectively.

2. The LC system according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid chromatography pump is a binary pump comprising a first pump head comprising a first primary pump head and a first secondary pump head, and a second pump head comprising a second primary pump head and a second secondary pump head, respectively, and wherein the downstream outlet valve of the first secondary pump head and the downstream outlet valve of the second secondary pump head are connected to a first purge switch valve and to a second purge switch valve, respectively, and the first and the second purge switch valves are individually connected to a waste and also to each other via a junction and to an analytical input via the junction.

3. The LC system according to claim 2 further comprising a first positive-pressure liquid-exchange pump connected to the upstream inlet valve of the first primary pump head and a second positive-pressure liquid-exchange pump connected to the upstream inlet valve of the second primary pump head, respectively.

4. The LC system according to claim 2 further comprising a first negative-pressure liquid-exchange pump connected to the downstream outlet valve of the first secondary pump head via the first purge switch valve and a second negative-pressure liquid-exchange pump connected to the downstream outlet valve of the second secondary pump head via the second purge switch valve, respectively.

5. The LC system according to claim 2 further comprising a software-driven controller cooperating with a pressure sensor for alternating liquid exchange between the first pump head and the second pump head while maintaining the pressure at the analytical input constant or within a predetermined range.

6. The LC system according to claim 5 , wherein the controller is programmed to switch the first purge switch valve and the second purge switch valve in order to divert liquid from the pump head where liquid is being exchanged to waste and liquid from the other pump head to the analytical input.

7. The LC system according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid chromatography pump is a binary pump comprising a first pump head comprising a first primary pump head and a first secondary pump head, and a second pump head comprising a second primary pump head and a second secondary pump head, respectively, and wherein the downstream outlet valve of the first secondary pump head and the downstream outlet valve of the second secondary pump head are connected via a junction to a common purge switch valve, the common purge switch valve comprising a junction inlet port connected to the junction, two bypass ports interconnected by a bypass fluidic path, two liquid-exchange pump ports interconnected by a common liquid exchange pump, and an output port.

8. The LC system according to claim 7 , wherein the output port is connected to a flow splitter for diverting part of the liquid to waste and part of the liquid to an analytical input.

9. The LC system according to claim 8 further comprising a software-driven controller cooperating with a pressure sensor and programmed to regulate the flow splitter for enabling simultaneous liquid exchange at both the first pump head and the second pump head while maintaining the pressure at the analytical input constant or within a predetermined range.

10. The LC system according to claim 9 , wherein the controller is further programmed to switch the common purge switch valve in order to alternately connect the junction inlet port and the output port via the bypass ports and via the liquid-exchange pump ports, respectively.

11. A method of exchanging a liquid in a liquid chromatographic (LC) system comprising a liquid chromatography pump comprising at least one pump head comprising a primary pump head and a secondary pump head, each comprising a syringe-like cylinder body having an inner wall surface and a plunger translatable through the cylinder body leaving an interspace between the inner wall surface and the plunger when the plunger is translated through the cylinder body, an upstream inlet valve configured to allow liquid into the cylinder body and a downstream outlet valve configured to allow liquid out of the cylinder body, the downstream outlet valve of the primary pump head being connected to the upstream inlet valve of the secondary pump head,

the method comprising exchanging the liquid present in the cylinder bodies of the primary and the secondary pump heads with another liquid by purging through the interspaces left between the inner wall surfaces of the cylinder bodies and the plungers, respectively, by at least one liquid-exchange pump connected either to the upstream inlet valve of the primary pump head, or to the downstream outlet valve of the secondary pump head.

12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the liquid chromatography pump is a binary pump comprising a first pump head comprising a first primary pump head and a first secondary pump head, and a second pump head comprising a second primary pump head and a second secondary pump head, respectively, and wherein the downstream outlet valve of the first secondary pump head and the downstream outlet valve of the second secondary pump head are connected to a first purge switch valve and to a second purge switch valve, respectively, and the first and the second purge switch valves are individually connected to a waste and also to each other via a junction and to an analytical input via the junction,

the method comprising alternating liquid exchange between the first pump head and the second pump head while maintaining the pressure at the analytical input constant or within a predetermined range by a software-driven controller cooperating with a pressure sensor.

13. The method according to claim 12 further comprising switching the first purge switch valve and the second purge switch valve in order to divert liquid from the pump head where liquid is being exchanged to waste and liquid from the other pump head to the analytical input.

14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the liquid chromatography pump is a binary pump comprising a first pump head comprising a first primary pump head and a first secondary pump head, and a second pump head comprising a second primary pump head and a second secondary pump head, respectively, and wherein the downstream outlet valve of the first secondary pump head and the downstream outlet valve of the second secondary pump head are connected via a junction to a common purge switch valve, the common purge switch valve comprising a junction inlet port connected to the junction, two bypass ports interconnected by a bypass fluidic path, two liquid-exchange pump ports interconnected by a common liquid exchange pump, and an output port connected to a flow splitter for diverting part of the liquid to waste and part of the liquid to an analytical input,

the method comprising regulating the flow splitter for enabling simultaneous liquid exchange at both the first pump head and the second pump head while maintaining the pressure at the analytical input constant or within a predetermined range by a software-driven controller cooperating with a pressure sensor.

15. The method according to claim 14 further comprising switching the common purge switch valve in order to alternately connect the junction inlet port and the output port via the bypass ports and via the liquid-exchange pump ports, respectively.