SMC integrated bi-stable strips for remote actuation
A remote actuator includes one or more bi-stable strips with at least one shape memory composite (SMC) spring connected to each bi-stable strip. The SMC spring includes a thermoplastic and an electrical and/or thermal conductor for transforming the length of the SMC spring upon heating. The contraction of the SMC spring transforms the bi-stable strip from its coiled stable state to its elongated stable state. The displacement of the SMC spring can be amplified by a simple machine included in the remote actuator. The remote actuator can include a shape memory alloy (SMA) strip for transforming the bi-stable strip from its elongated stable state to it curved stable state upon heating. Heating can be by Joule heating or from an adjacent heat source.
1. A remote actuator comprising:
at least one bi-stable strip with two passive shapes;
at least one shape memory composite (SMC) spring attached to both ends of each of the at least one bi-stable strip; and
a heat source configured for heating the SMC spring.
2. The remote actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the SMC spring comprises at least one twisted or coiled filament comprising a thermoplastic and a conductor, where the conductor is an electrical conductor and/or a thermal conductor.
3. The remote actuator according to claim 2 , wherein the thermoplastic comprises nylon 6,6, nylon 6, nylon 12, or ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).
4. The remote actuator according to claim 3 , wherein the conductor comprises a filler within a matrix comprising the thermoplastic.
5. The remote actuator according to claim 4 , wherein the filler is selected from a multiplicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon fibers, graphene flakes, metal fibers, metal flakes, and any combination thereof.
6. The remote actuator according to claim 2 , wherein the conductor comprises a metal coating on the twisted or coiled filament.
7. The remote actuator according to claim 2 , wherein the conductor comprises a metal wire co-twisted or coiled with the twisted or coiled filament.
8. The remote actuator according to claim 2 , wherein the heat source is the electrical conductor for Joule heating.
9. The remote actuator according to claim 1 , further comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA) strip.
10. The remote actuator according to claim 9 , wherein the SMA strip is a nitinol strip.
11. The remote actuator according to claim 9 , wherein a length of the SMA strip is perpendicular to a long axis of the bi-stable strip, and a length the SMC spring is parallel to the long axis of the bi-stable strip.
12. The remote actuator according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one simple machine coupled to the SMC spring.
13. The remote actuator according to claim 12 , wherein the simple machine comprises at least one axle, dowel, lever, gear, wheel, or screw.
14. A method of remote actuation, comprising:
providing a remote actuator, comprising;
at least one bi-stable strip with two passive shapes; and
at least one shape memory composite (SMC) spring attached to both ends of each of the at least one bi-stable strip, wherein the SMC spring comprises at least one twisted or coiled filament comprising a thermoplastic and a conductor, where the conductor is an electrical conductor and/or a thermal conductor;
heating the SMC spring to contract the SMC spring; and
applying a contractive force from the SMC spring on the bi-stable strip in a curved stable state for elongating the bi-stable strip to an elongated stable state.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein heating comprises switching an electric switch for passing a current through the electrical conductor of the SMC spring.
16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the remote actuator further comprises a shape memory alloy (SMA) strip.
17. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising:
activating the SMA strip by applying a current to the SMA strip to change to a memory shape; and
applying a force from the SMA strip to the bi-stable strip for contracting the bi-stable strip to a curved stable state.
18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the remote actuator further comprises a simple machine coupled to the SMC spring, and the method comprises amplifying a displacement of the SMC spring by using the simple machine.