IP Library › Granted Patent US 11,522,213
Granted Patent B2
US 11,522,213 · App. 17/170,040 · Granted Dec 6, 2022

Coating material for cathode active material in lithium batteries

Inventors: Shigemasa Kuwata (Palo Alto, CA); Hideyuki Komatsu (Yokosuka, JP); Maarten Sierhuis (San Francisco, CA); Balachandran Gadaguntla Radhakrishnan (San Mateo, CA); Shreyas Honrao (Sunnyvale, CA); John Lawson (San Francisco, CA)
Assignees: Nissan North America, Inc.; United States of America as Represented by the Administrator of NASA
H01M10/0525H01M4/366H01M4/505H01M4/525H01M4/582H01M10/0562H01M2300/0065
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 11,522,213
App. No.
17/170,040
Granted
Dec 6, 2022
Kind
B2
Abstract

A lithium battery comprises cathode active material comprising particles of a transition metal oxide, each particle coated in an ion-conducting material that has an electrochemical stability window against lithium of at least 2.2 V, a lowest electrochemical stability being less than 2.0 V and a highest electrochemical stability being greater than 4.2 V, the ion-conducting material selected from the group consisting of: Cs 2 LiCl 3 ; Cs 2 LiCrF 6 ; Cs 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiErCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiNdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiScCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiSmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiYCl 6 ; Cs 3 Li 2 Cl 5 ; Cs 3 LiCl 4 ; CsLi 2 Cl 3 ; CsLi 3 Cl 4 ; CsLiBeF 4 ; CsLiCl 2 ; K 10 LiZr 6 H 4 O 2 F 35 ; K 2 LiCeCl 6 ; K 2 LiDyCl 6 ; K 2 LiGdCl 6 ; K 2 LiLaCl 6 ; K 2 LiPrCl 6 ; K 2 LiTbCl 6 ; KLiDyF 5 ; KLiErF 5 ; KLiGdF 5 ; KLiHoF 5 ; KLiLuF 5 ; KLiPH 2 O 4 F; KLiTbF 5 ; KLiTmF 5 ; KLiYF 5 ; Li 10 Mg 7 Cl 24 ; Li 2 B 3 O 4 F 3 ; Li 2 B 6 O 9 F 2 ; Li 2 BeCl 4 ; Li 2 BF 5 ; Li 2 CaHfF 8 ; Li 2 MgCl 4 ; Li 2 SiF 6 ; Li 2 Ta 2 (OF 2 ) 3 ; Li 2 ZnCl 4 ; Li 2 ZrF 6 ; Li 3 AlF 6 ; Li 3 ErCl 6 ; Li 3 ScCl 6 ; Li 3 ScF 6 ; Li 3 ThF 7 ; Li 3 YF 6 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 BrO 12 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 ClO 12 ; Li 4 ZrF 8 ; Li 6 ZrBeF 12 ; Li 9 Mg 3 P 4 O 16 F 3 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiB 6 O 9 F; LiBF 4 ; LiGdCl 4 ; LiLuF 4 ; LiScF 4 ; LiTaF 6 ; LiThF 5 ; LiYF 4 ; LiZr 5 T 1 F 22 ; Na 3 Li 3 Al 2 F 12 ; NaLi 2 AlF 6 ; NaLiBeF 4 ; NaLiMgPO 4 F; Rb 2 LiCeCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiErCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLaCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiScCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiYCl 6 ; RbLi 2 Be 2 F 7 ; RbLiCl 2 ; and RbLiF 2 .

Claims (24)

1. A lithium battery, comprising:

an anode comprising lithium;

an electrolyte; and

a cathode comprising cathode active material, the cathode active material comprising particles of a transition metal oxide, each particle coated in an ion-conducting material that has an electrochemical stability window against lithium of at least 2.2 V, a lowest electrochemical stability being less than 2.0 V and a highest electrochemical stability being greater than 4.2 V, the ion-conducting material selected from the group consisting of: Cs 2 LiCl 3 ; Cs 2 LiCrF 6 ; Cs 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiErCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiNdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiScCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiSmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiYCl 6 ; Cs 3 Li 2 Cl 5 ; Cs 3 LiCl 4 ; CsLi 2 Cl 3 ; CsLi 3 Cl 4 ; CsLiBeF 4 ; CsLiCl 2 ; K 10 LiZr 6 H 4 O 2 F 35 ; K 2 LiCeCl 6 ; K 2 LiDyCl 6 ; K 2 LiGdCl 6 ; K 2 LiLaCl 6 ; K 2 LiPrCl 6 ; K 2 LiTbCl 6 ; KLiDyF 5 ; KLiErF 5 ; KLiGdF 5 ; KLiHoF 5 ; KLiLuF 5 ; KLiPH 2 O 4 F; KLiTbF 5 ; KLiTmF 5 ; KLiYF 5 ; Li 10 Mg 7 Cl 24 ; Li 2 B 3 O 4 F 3 ; Li 2 B 6 O 9 F 2 ; Li 2 BeCl 4 ; Li 2 BF 5 ; Li 2 CaHfF 8 ; Li 2 MgCl 4 ; Li 2 SiF 6 ; Li 2 Ta 2 (OF 2 ) 3 ; Li 2 ZnCl 4 ; Li 2 ZrF 6 ; Li 3 AlF 6 ; Li 3 ErCl 6 ; Li 3 ScCl 6 ; Li 3 ScF 6 ; Li 3 ThF 7 ; Li 3 YF 6 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 BrO 12 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 ClO 12 ; Li 4 ZrF 8 ; Li 6 ZrBeF 12 ; Li 9 Mg 3 P 4 O 16 F 3 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiB 6 O 9 F; LiBF 4 ; LiGdCl 4 ; LiLuF 4 ; LiScF 4 ; LiTaF 6 ; LiThF 5 ; LiYF 4 ; LiZr 5 T 1 F 22 ; Na 3 Li 3 Al 2 F 12 ; NaLi 2 AlF 6 ; NaLiBeF 4 ; NaLiMgPO 4 F; Rb 2 LiCeCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiErCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLaCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiScCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiYCl 6 ; RbLi 2 Be 2 F 7 ; RbLiCl 2 ; and RbLiF 2 .

2. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium battery is an all-solid-state battery and the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte.

3. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt and manganese.

4. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical stability window against lithium of the ion-conducting material is at least 2.8 V and the highest electrochemical stability is greater than 4.8 V, the ion-conducting material selected from the group consisting of: Cs 2 LiCrF 6 ; Cs 2 LiLuCl 6 ; CsLiBeF 4 ; KLiDyF 5 ; KLiErF 5 ; KLiGdF 5 ; KLiHoF 5 ; KLiLuF 5 ; KLiTbF 5 ; KLiTmF 5 ; KLiYF 5 ; Li 2 BF 5 ; Li 2 CaHfF 8 ; Li 2 SiF 6 ; Li 2 ZrF 6 ; Li 2 Ta 2 (OF 2 ) 3 ; Li 3 AlF 6 ; Li 3 ScF 6 ; Li 3 YF 6 ; Li 3 ThF 7 ; Li 4 ZrF 8 ; Li 6 ZrBeF 12 ; LiB 6 O 9 F; LiBF 4 ; LiLuF 4 ; LiScF 4 ; LiYF 4 ; LiThF 5 ; LiTaF 6 ; LiZr 5 TlF 22 ; Na 3 Li 3 Al 2 F 12 ; NaLi 2 AlF 6 ; NaLiBeF 4 ; RbLi 2 Be2F 7 ; and RbLiF 2 .

5. The lithium battery of claim 4 , wherein the lithium battery is an all-solid-state battery and the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte.

6. The lithium battery of claim 4 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt and manganese.

7. An all-solid-state battery, comprising:

a lithium-metal based anode;

a solid electrolyte; and

a cathode comprising a transition metal oxide active material coated in an ion-conducting material that has an electrochemical stability window against lithium of at least 2.2 V, a lowest electrochemical stability being less than 2.0 V and a highest electrochemical stability being greater than 4.2 V, the ion-conducting material selected from the group consisting of: Cs 2 LiCl 3 ; Cs 2 LiCrF 6 ; Cs 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiErCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiNdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiScCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiSmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiYCl 6 ; Cs 3 Li 2 Cl 5 ; Cs 3 LiCl 4 ; CsLi 2 Cl 3 ; CsLi 3 Cl 4 ; CsLiBeF 4 ; CsLiCl 2 ; K 10 LiZr 6 H 4 O 2 F 35 ; K 2 LiCeCl 6 ; K 2 LiDyCl 6 ; K 2 LiGdCl 6 ; K 2 LiLaCl 6 ; K 2 LiPrCl 6 ; K 2 LiTbCl 6 ; KLiDyF 5 ; KLiErF 5 ; KLiGdF 5 ; KLiHoF 5 ; KLiLuF 5 ; KLiPH 2 O 4 F; KLiTbF 5 ; KLiTmF 5 ; KLiYF 5 ; Li 10 Mg 7 Cl 24 ; Li 2 B 3 O 4 F 3 ; Li 2 B 6 O 9 F 2 ; Li 2 BeCl 4 ; Li 2 BF 5 ; Li 2 CaHfF 8 ; Li 2 MgCl 4 ; Li 2 SiF 6 ; Li 2 Ta 2 (OF 2 ) 3 ; Li 2 ZnCl 4 ; Li 2 ZrF 6 ; Li 3 AlF 6 ; Li 3 ErCl 6 ; Li 3 ScCl 6 ; Li 3 ScF 6 ; Li 3 ThF 7 ; Li 3 YF 6 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 BrO 12 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 ClO 12 ; Li 4 ZrF 8 ; Li 6 ZrBeF 12 ; Li 9 Mg 3 P 4 O 16 F 3 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiB 6 O 9 F; LiBF 4 ; LiGdCl 4 ; LiLuF 4 ; LiScF 4 ; LiTaF 6 ; LiThF 5 ; LiYF 4 ; LiZr 5 T 1 F 22 ; Na 3 Li 3 Al 2 F 12 ; NaLi 2 AlF 6 ; NaLiBeF 4 ; NaLiMgPO 4 F; Rb 2 LiCeCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiErCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLaCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiScCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiYCl 6 ; RbLi 2 Be 2 F 7 ; RbLiCl 2 ; and RbLiF 2 .

8. The all-solid-state battery of claim 7 , wherein the transition metal oxide active material comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt and manganese.

9. The all-solid-state battery of claim 7 , wherein the electrochemical stability window of the ion-conducting material is at least 2.8 V and the highest electrochemical stability is greater than 4.8 V, the ion-conducting material selected from the group consisting of: Cs 2 LiCrF 6 ; Cs 2 LiLuCl 6 ; CsLiBeF 4 ; KLiDyF 5 ; KLiErF 5 ; KLiGdF 5 ; KLiHoF 5 ; KLiLuF 5 ; KLiTbF 5 ; KLiTmF 5 ; KLiYF 5 ; Li 2 BF 5 ; Li 2 CaHfF 8 ; Li 2 SiF 6 ; Li 2 ZrF 6 ; Li 2 Ta 2 (OF 2 ) 3 ; Li 3 AlF 6 ; Li 3 ScF 6 ; Li 3 YF 6 ; Li 3 ThF 7 ; Li 4 ZrF 8 ; Li 6 ZrBeF 12 ; LiB 6 O 9 F; LiBF 4 ; LiLuF 4 ; LiScF 4 ; LiYF 4 ; LiThF 5 ; LiTaF 6 ; LiZr 5 TlF 22 ; Na 3 Li 3 Al 2 F 12 ; NaLi 2 AlF 6 ; NaLiBeF 4 ; RbLi 2 Be 2 F 7 ; and RbLiF 2 .

10. The all-solid-state battery of claim 9 , wherein the transition metal oxide active material comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt and manganese.

11. A cathode for a lithium battery, comprising:

active cathode material particles; and

a coating on the active cathode material particles, wherein the coating comprises an ion-conducting material, the ion-conducting material having an electrochemical stability window against lithium of at least 2.2 V, a lowest electrochemical stability being less than 2.0 V and a highest electrochemical stability being greater than 4.2 V, the ion-conducting material comprising one or more of: Cs 2 LiCl 3 ; Cs 2 LiCrF 6 ; Cs 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiErCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiNdCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiScCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiSmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiTmCl 6 ; Cs 2 LiYCl 6 ; Cs 3 Li 2 Cl 5 ; Cs 3 LiCl 4 ; CsLi 2 Cl 3 ; CsLi 3 Cl 4 ; CsLiBeF 4 ; CsLiCl 2 ; K 10 LiZr 6 H 4 O 2 F 35 ; K 2 LiCeCl 6 ; K 2 LiDyCl 6 ; K 2 LiGdCl 6 ; K 2 LiLaCl 6 ; K 2 LiPrCl 6 ; K 2 LiTbCl 6 ; KLiDyF 5 ; KLiErF 5 ; KLiGdF 5 ; KLiHoF 5 ; KLiLuF 5 ; KLiPH 2 O 4 F; KLiTbF 5 ; KLiTmF 5 ; KLiYF 5 ; Li 10 Mg 7 Cl 24 ; Li 2 B 3 O 4 F 3 ; Li 2 B 6 O 9 F 2 ; Li 2 BeCl 4 ; Li 2 BF 5 ; Li 2 CaHfF 8 ; Li 2 MgCl 4 ; Li 2 SiF 6 ; Li 2 Ta 2 (OF 2 ) 3 ; Li 2 ZnCl 4 ; Li 2 ZrF 6 ; Li 3 AlF 6 ; Li 3 ErCl 6 ; Li 3 ScCl 6 ; Li 3 ScF 6 ; Li 3 ThF 7 ; Li 3 YF 6 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 BrO 12 ; Li 4 Be 3 P 3 ClO 12 ; Li 4 ZrF 8 ; Li 6 ZrBeF 12 ; Li 9 Mg 3 P 4 O 16 F 3 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiB 6 O 9 F; LiBF 4 ; LiGdCl 4 ; LiLuF 4 ; LiScF 4 ; LiTaF 6 ; LiThF 5 ; LiYF 4 ; LiZr 5 T 1 F 22 ; Na 3 Li 3 Al 2 F 12 ; NaLi 2 AlF 6 ; NaLiBeF 4 ; NaLiMgPO 4 F; Rb 2 LiCeCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiDyCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiErCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiGdCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLaCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiLuCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiPrCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiScCl 6 , Rb 2 LiTbCl 6 ; Rb 2 LiYCl 6 ; RbLi 2 Be 2 F 7 ; RbLiCl 2 ; and RbLiF 2 .

12. The cathode for the lithium battery of claim 11 , wherein the active cathode material particles comprise a transition metal oxide.

13. The cathode for the lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt and manganese.

14. The cathode for the lithium battery of claim 11 , wherein the electrochemical stability window against lithium of the ion-conducting material is at least 2.8 V and the highest electrochemical stability is greater than 4.8 V, the ion-conducting material comprising one or more of Cs 2 LiCrF 6 ; Cs 2 LiLuCl 6 ; CsLiBeF 4 ; KLiDyF 5 ; KLiErF 5 ; KLiGdF 5 ; KLiHoF 5 ; KLiLuF 5 ; KLiTbF 5 ; KLiTmF 5 ; KLiYF 5 ; Li 2 BF 5 ; Li 2 CaHfF 8 ; Li 2 SiF 6 ; Li 2 ZrF 6 ; Li 2 Ta 2 (OF 2 ) 3 ; Li 3 AlF 6 ; Li 3 ScF 6 ; Li 3 YF 6 ; Li 3 ThF 7 ; Li 4 ZrF 8 ; Li 6 ZrBeF 12 ; LiB 6 O 9 F; LiBF 4 ; LiLuF 4 ; LiScF 4 ; LiYF 4 ; LiThF 5 ; LiTaF 6 ; LiZr 5 TlF 22 ; Na 3 Li 3 Al 2 F 12 ; NaLi 2 AlF 6 ; NaLiBeF 4 ; RbLi 2 Be2F 7 ; and RbLiF 2 .

15. The cathode for the lithium battery of claim 14 , wherein the active cathode material particles comprise a transition metal oxide.

16. The cathode for the lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the transition metal oxide comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt and manganese.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jan 30, 2023
From: NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC.
To: NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
Reel/Frame 062525/0250 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 10, 2021
From: KUWATA, SHIGEMASA; KOMATSU, HIDEYUKI; SIERHUIS, MAARTEN
To: NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC.
Reel/Frame 058364/0384 →
Continuity (1)
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