Process for producing biomethane from a biogas stream, comprising solidification of the impurities
Process for producing biomethane from a biogas stream including methane, carbon dioxide and at least one impurity chosen from ammonia, volatile organic compounds, water, sulfur-based impurities (H 2 S) and siloxanes. A biogas stream is dried, the at least one impurity is at least partially removed by solidification and removal of the impurity. The methane and the carbon dioxide contained in the biogas obtained from the second step are separated so as to produce a biomethane stream and a CO 2 stream.
1. A process for producing biomethane from a biogas stream comprising methane, carbon dioxide and at least one impurity chosen from ammonia, volatile organic compounds, sulfur-based impurities (H 2 S) and siloxanes, said process comprising the steps of:
drying the biogas stream to provide a dried biogas stream;
at least partially removing said at least one impurity contained in the dried biogas stream by solidification and removal of the solidified at least one impurity to yield at least partially purified biogas, wherein said step of at least partially removing said at least one of the at least one impurity comprises: i) compressing the dried biogas stream to a pressure of greater than 5 bar to provide a compressed dried biogas stream; ii) cooling the compressed dried biogas stream to a temperature below −70° C., thereby solidifying said at least one impurity resulting in deposition of the solidified at least one impurity; and iii) removing said solidified at least one impurity from the cooled dried compressed biogas stream to provide an at least partially purified biogas stream; and
separating the methane and the carbon dioxide contained in the at least partially purified biogas so as to produce a biomethane stream and a CO 2 stream.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the compressed biogas stream is cooled with a cooling stream of CO 2 produced during said step of separating.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein in said step of cooling, said at least one impurity is removed by sublimation of said at least one impurity and by flushing with a gaseous flushing stream.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein, the sublimation is performed at a temperature above a sublimation temperature and at a pressure below 2 bar.
5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the cooling stream resulting from said step of cooling is used as the gaseous flushing stream.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein said steps of cooling and removal are performed simultaneously.
7. The process of claim 3 , wherein the gaseous flushing stream is a stream of CO 2 or nitrogen.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the gaseous flushing stream is obtained from a storage capacity.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein the gaseous flushing stream is a stream of recycled CO 2 produced during said step of separating.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein said step of separating is performed by washing with water, washing with amines, adsorption, solidification of the carbon dioxide, or membrane separation.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein said step of drying is performed by cooling and condensation followed by adsorption.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein said step of at least partially removing said impurity includes the use of a heat exchanger.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein said step of compressing is performed using a compressor.
14. The process of claim 12 , wherein:
in said step of cooling, the biogas stream is cooled with a cooling stream with the biogas stream passing through a first channel of the heat exchanger and the cooling stream passing through a second channel of the heat exchanger; and
in said step of removing, said at least one impurity is removed by sublimation of said impurity and flushing with a gaseous flushing stream, with the gaseous flushing stream passing in the first channel of the heat exchanger and with the biogas stream passing in the second channel.