Aircraft propulsion system
An aircraft propulsion system includes at least first and second electrical generators, each being configured to provide electrical power to a respective first and second AC electrical network. The system further comprises at least first and second AC electrical motors directly electrically coupled to a respective AC network and coupled to a respective propulsor, and a DC electrical network electrically coupled to the first and second AC networks via respective first and second AC to DC converters, and to a further electrical motor, the further electrical motor being coupled to a propulsor.
1. A vehicle propulsion system comprising:
at least first and second electrical generators, each being configured to provide electrical power to a respective first and second AC electrical network;
at least first and second AC electrical motors directly electrically coupled to a respective AC network and coupled to a respective propulsor; and
a DC electrical network electrically coupled to the first and second AC networks via respective first and second AC to DC converters, wherein:
the first and/or second AC to DC converters comprise bi-directional AC to DC converters configured to provide AC electrical power from the AC network to DC electrical power to the DC network, and DC electrical power from the DC network to AC electrical power to the AC electrical network, and
the system comprises a controller configured to control the first and second bi-directional AC-DC converters between:
an operating mode in which the first AC-DC converter converts AC power from the first AC network to DC power to power the DC network, and the second AC-DC converter converts DC power from the DC network to AC power to power the second AC electrical network; and
a further operating mode in which the second AC-DC converter converts AC power from the second AC network to DC power to power the DC network, and the first AC-DC converter converts DC power from the DC network to AC power to power the first AC electrical network.
2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein each AC electrical generator comprises a synchronous AC generator such as a permanent magnet or wound field synchronous generator.
3. A system according to claim 1 , wherein each AC electrical generator comprises an asynchronous electrical generator such as an induction generator.
4. A system according to claim 1 wherein one or more AC electrical motor comprises a synchronous AC motor such as a permanent magnet or wound field synchronous motor.
5. A system according to claim 1 , wherein one or more AC electrical motor comprises an asynchronous electrical motor such as an induction motor.
6. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the further electrical motor comprises one of an DC electrical motor directly electrically coupled to the DC electrical network, and an AC electrical motor coupled to the DC electrical network via a DC to AC inverter.
7. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the first and second bi-directional AC-DC converters between:
a first operating mode, in which both the first and second AC-DC converters convert AC power from the respective AC networks to DC power to power to the DC network;
a second operating mode, in which the first AC-DC converter converts AC power from the first AC network to DC power to power the DC network, and the second AC-DC converter converts DC power from the DC network to AC power to power the second AC electrical network; and
a third operating mode, in which the second AC-DC converter converts AC power from the second AC network to DC power to power the DC network, and the first AC-DC converter converts DC power from the DC network to AC power to power the first AC electrical network.
8. A system according to claim 7 , wherein controller may be configured to switch from the first operating mode to the second or third operating mode in the event of one or more of:
the synchronous electrical motor directly coupled to the first or second electrical network becoming de-synchronised from the respective AC network; and
a failure of the first or second electrical generator.
9. A system according to claim 1 wherein the first and second generators are driven by an internal combustion engine such as a gas turbine engine.
10. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises an energy storage device such as one or more of a battery, a capacitor and a hydrogen fuel cell electrically coupled to the DC electrical network, the energy storage device being configured to provide electrical power to the DC network in a discharging mode, and to receive electrical power from the DC network in a charging mode.
11. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a further bi-directional AC-DC converter electrically coupled to at least one of the first and second AC networks and the energy storage device, and configured to provide electrical power from the energy storage device to the or each AC network in a discharging mode, and to receive electrical power from the DC network in a charging mode.
12. A vehicle comprising the propulsion system of claim 1 .
13. A vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the vehicle comprises an aircraft.