Coolant cleanup and heat-sinking systems and methods of operating the same
Combined cleanup and heat sink systems work with nuclear reactor coolant loops. Combined systems may join hotter and colder sections of the coolant loops in parallel with any steam generator or other extractor and provide optional heat removal between the same. Combined systems also remove impurities or debris from a fluid coolant without significant heat loss from the coolant. A cooler in the combined system may increase in capacity or be augmented in number to move between purifying cooling and major heat removal from the coolant, potentially as an emergency cooler. The cooler may be joined to the hotter and colder sections through valved flow paths depending on desired functionality. Sections of the coolant loops may be fully above the cooler, which may be above the reactor, to drive flow by gravity and enhance isolation of sections of the coolant loop.
1. A purifier and heat sink system for a coolant loop having, a hot leg carrying a fluid coolant from a nuclear reactor to a steam generator extracting heat for electricity generation from the fluid coolant, and a cold leg carrying the fluid coolant from the steam generator to the nuclear reactor, the system comprising:
an inlet configured to connect to the hot leg, wherein the inlet includes two separate connections configured to join to the hot leg having different flow volumes;
a first outlet configured to connect to the hot leg;
a second outlet configured to connect to the cold leg;
a cooler system configured to remove heat from the fluid coolant flowing from the inlet; and
a purifier configured to remove impurities from the fluid coolant exiting the cooler system, wherein the purifier is in a series flow with the first outlet and in a parallel flow with the second outlet.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one valve configured to close all flow to the purifier and the first outlet.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second outlet is positioned to join to the cold leg of the coolant loop.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the cooler system is configured to sink approximately 0.5 megawatts from the fluid coolant in a first mode and sink approximately 5 megawatts or more from the fluid coolant in a second mode.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the cooler system includes a plurality of finned heat exchange tubes and at least one fan blowing a convection fluid onto the plurality of finned heat exchange tubes.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a heat exchanger in series flow with the purifier connected between the inlet and the first outlet so as to decrease the temperature of the fluid coolant flowing from the inlet into the heat exchanger and increase the temperature of the fluid coolant flowing from the heat exchanger into the first outlet.
7. The system of claim 6 , further comprising:
at least one valve configured to allow flow of the fluid coolant to only one of,
the second outlet, or
the purifier, the heat exchanger, and the first outlet.
8. A purifier and heat sink system for a coolant loop carrying a fluid coolant for a nuclear reactor, the system comprising:
an inlet configured to join with the coolant loop, wherein the inlet includes two separate connections configured to join to the hot leg having different flow volumes;
an outlet configured to join with the coolant loop;
a cooler system configured to remove heat from the fluid coolant flowing through the system in a first mode and a second mode, wherein the cooler system is configured to sink approximately 0.5 megawatts from the fluid coolant in the first mode and sink approximately 5 megawatts or more from the fluid coolant in the second mode; and
a purifier configured to remove impurities from the fluid coolant exiting the cooler system operating in the first mode.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising:
at least one valve moveable to prevent all flow of the fluid coolant to the purifier when the cooler system is operating in the second mode.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the outlet includes a first outlet and a second outlet, and wherein the purifier is in a series flow with the first outlet and in a parallel flow with the second outlet.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the inlet and the first outlet are positioned to join to a same first leg of the coolant loop, and wherein the second outlet is positioned to join to a second leg of the coolant loop.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the cooler system includes a plurality of finned heat exchange tubes and at least one fan blowing a convection fluid onto the plurality of finned heat exchange tubes.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
the coolant loop;
the steam generator; and
the nuclear reactor, wherein the cooler system is vertically above the nuclear reactor.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the hot leg of the coolant loop connects to an exit from the nuclear reactor and an entrance to the steam generator, and wherein the cold leg of the coolant loop connects to the entrance to the nuclear reactor and an exit of the steam generator.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and second outlet are configured to join to the coolant loop on different sides of the steam generator and the nuclear reactor.
16. The system of claim 8 , further comprising:
the coolant loop;
a steam generator; and
the nuclear reactor, wherein a hot leg of the coolant loop connects to an exit from the nuclear reactor and an entrance to the steam generator, wherein a cold leg of the coolant loop connects to the an entrance to the nuclear reactor and an exit of the steam generator.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the two separate connections include a first connection and a second connection, wherein the second connection has a greater flow volume than the first connection.