Catalytically active particle filter with a high degree of filtration efficiency
The invention relates to a wall-flow filter as a particle filter with catalytically active coatings in the channels which are closed in a gas-tight manner at the opposing closed ends of the channels A at the first end, wherein the inlet region of the filter is additionally supplied with a dry powder-gas aerosol which contains metal compounds with a high melting point (such as the metal oxides Al2O3, SiO2, FeO2, TiO2, ZnO2, etc. for example) and which is to simultaneously improve the catalytic activity and the degree of filtration efficiency with respect to the exhaust gas back-pressure.
1. A catalytically active wall-flow filter for removing particles from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, which comprises a wall-flow filter of length L and at least one catalytically active coating Y and/or Z, wherein the wall-flow filter comprises channels E and A, which extend in parallel between a first and a second end of the wall-flow filter and are separated by porous walls, which form surfaces O E and O A , respectively, and wherein the channels E are closed at the second end and the channels A are closed at the first end, the coating Y, when present, is located in the channels E on the walls of the surfaces O E , wherein the coating Y on the walls of the surface O E extends from the first end of the wall-flow filter to a length of less than the length L, the coating Z, when present, is located in the channels A on the walls of the surfaces O A , wherein the coating Z on the walls of the surface O A extends from the second end of the wall-flow filter to a length of less than the length L, wherein an inlet region of channels E of the wall-flow filter has additionally been impinged with at least one dry powder-gas aerosol, and wherein the coating Y and/or Z has a thickness gradient over the length L such that the least thickness of the coating Y and/or Z prevails at the ends of the wall-flow filter.
2. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein the inlet region of channels E of the wall-flow filter is impinged with the at least one dry powder-gas aerosol such that the powder precipitates in the pores of the wall-flow filter walls and fills the pores as far as the walls of the surfaces O E .
3. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein the coating Y extends from the first end of the wall-flow filter to a length of up to 90% of the length L.
4. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein the coating Z extends from the second end of the wall-flow filter to a length of up to 90% of the length L.
5. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein the coating Y and/or Z is at least 1.25 cm long.
6. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , further comprising a coating X that is located in the walls of the wall-flow filter and the coating X extends from the first or the second end of the wall-flow filter to a length of 100% of the length L.
7. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein each of the coatings Y and Z are present, and the coatings Y and Z respectively contain one or more noble metals, which are fixed on one or more carrier materials, along with one or more oxygen storage components.
8. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein each of the coatings Y and Z are present and contain a cerium/zirconium/rare earth metal mixed oxides as an oxygen storage component.
9. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of powder in the wall-flow filter is less than 50 g/l.
10. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein the powder is selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, zeolites, metal-substituted zeolites or mixtures thereof.
11. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein the powder precipitates in the pores of the filter walls and does not form a cohesive layer on the walls of the wall-flow filter.
12. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , wherein a tapped density of the powder is at most 900 kg/m3.
13. A method for producing the catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 , that comprises
providing the catalytically active coating Y and/or Z to the wall-flow filter.
14. The method for producing the catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 13 , wherein the method includes, prior to impinging the wall-flow filter with the powder-gas aerosol, first dispersing the powder in a gas as to create a powder and gas dispersion combination, the powder and gas dispersion combination is then fed to a gas stream and is then subsequently sucked through the wall-flow filter and wherein the powder-gas aerosol is sucked through the wall-flow filter at a rate of 5 m/s to 50 m/s.
15. The method for producing the catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 13 , wherein the powder has a moisture content of less than 20% at the time of impingement on the wall-flow filter.
16. A method of reducing harmful exhaust gases comprising passing the harmful exhaust gases through the catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 1 .
17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein, the powder and gas dispersion combination is sucked initially through an inlet region of the channels E of the wall-flow filter.
18. A catalytically active wall-flow filter for removing particles from the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, which comprises a wall-flow filter of length L and at least one catalytically active coating Y and/or Z, wherein the wall-flow filter comprises channels E and A, which extend in parallel between a first and a second end of the wall-flow filter and are separated by porous walls, which form surfaces O E and O A , respectively, and wherein the channels E are closed at the second end and the channels A are closed at the first end, the coating Y, when present, is located in the channels E on the walls of the surfaces O E , wherein the coating Y on the walls of the surface O E extends from the first end of the wall-flow filter to a length of less than the length L, the coating Z, when present, is located in the channels A on the walls of the surfaces O A , wherein the coating Z on the walls of the surface O A extends from the second end of the wall-flow filter to a length of less than the length L, wherein an inlet region of channels E of the wall-flow filter has additionally been impinged with at least one dry powder-gas aerosol, wherein
the ratio of the average particle diameter (Q3 distribution; measured according to the most recent ISO13320 on the date of application) d50 in the dry powder aerosol and the average pore diameter of the wall-flow filter after coating with a washcoat (measured according to DIN 66134, latest version on the date of application) is between 0.03 and 2; and
wherein the coating Y and/or Z has a thickness gradient over the length L such that the least thickness of the coating Y and/or Z prevails at the ends of the wall-flow filter.
19. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 18 , wherein, the powder precipitates in the pores of the walls, but the powder does not form a cohesive layer on the walls of the wall-flow filter.
20. A method of reducing harmful exhaust gases comprising passing the harmful exhaust gases through the catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 18 .
21. The catalytically active wall-flow filter according to claim 18 , wherein each of coatings Y and Z are present.