Diagnostic device and method for solenoid valves

1. A diagnostic method for diagnosing a malfunction in a solenoid valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises an electromagnet and a valve body wherein one or more orifices are provided for passage of a pressurized fluid, and wherein the electromagnet comprises a solenoid configured to be connected to a constant voltage generator generating in the solenoid a solenoid current, and a magnetic circuit comprising a movable core situated and slidable in the solenoid, the method comprising steps of:

a) detecting, at excitation of the solenoid, a variation rate over time of a supply voltage of the solenoid and comparing the variation rate with a predetermined value;

b) generating an error signal, if the variation rate is lower than the predetermined value, if not then,

c) detecting characteristics of a waveform of the solenoid current over a time interval between a moment of excitation of the solenoid and a moment wherein the movable core reaches an end-stroke position;

d) comparing the detected characteristics of the waveform with predetermined threshold values;

e) generating an alarm signal, if the detected characteristics of the waveform are lower than the predetermined threshold values, if not then,

f) calculating a value of solenoid resistance and comparing the value of the solenoid resistance with a predetermined minimum resistance value and with a predetermined maximum resistance value, when the solenoid current is in steady state; and

g) generating an alarm signal, if the value of the solenoid resistance is lower than the predetermined minimum resistance value or greater than the predetermined maximum resistance value.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step c) comprises calculating derivatives of the solenoid current over time in a time range that includes or is adjacent to moments of peak and valley of the waveform of the solenoid current, the peak and the valley being generated, respectively, by engagement of the movable core and attainment of the end-stroke position of the movable core, and wherein, in step d), values of the derivatives are compared with predetermined values.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the characteristics of the waveform of the solenoid current comprise a first time interval that elapses between the moment of excitation of the solenoid and a moment of peak current generated by engagement of the movable core.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step c) comprises:

verifying if the waveform of the solenoid current has, between peak and valley of the waveform of the solenoid current, where the peak and the valley are generated, respectively, by engagement of the movable core and attainment of the end-stroke position of the movable core, a relative inflection point, and/or further relative minimum and maximum points; and

calculating average values of derivatives of the solenoid current over time in a time interval immediately preceding and in a time interval immediately following the relative inflection point or minimum point;

and wherein step (d) comprises:

comparing the average values of the derivatives with corresponding reference values; and

verifying whether at least one of the average values of the derivatives is lower in absolute value than the corresponding reference value.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a presence of the relative inflection point and/or the further relative maximum and minimum points is detected by calculating derivatives of the solenoid current over time and verifying if the derivatives assume a null or positive value in two moments of time in a time interval subsequent to a moment wherein the peak of the waveform is verified and before the solenoid current reaches a steady state value.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined threshold values are obtained by the waveform of the solenoid current acquired when the solenoid valve is in a testing stage during or after release from a factory.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined threshold values are obtained from mean values relating to a previously acquired set of values of the waveform of the solenoid current.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein, if at step e) the detected characteristics of the waveform are lower than the predetermined threshold values, the following is performed:

e1) a comparison between a pressure value of fluid entering an inlet orifice of the solenoid valve and a range of predetermined pressure values, and

e2) in an event of deviation of the pressure value with respect to the range of predetermined pressure values, an adjustment of the pressure value of the fluid and a repetition of steps c) and d).

9. A diagnostic device for diagnosing the malfunction in the solenoid valve, wherein the solenoid valve comprises the electromagnet and the valve body wherein the one or more orifices are provided for the passage of the pressurized fluid, and wherein the electromagnet comprises the solenoid configured to be connected to the constant voltage generator generating in the solenoid the solenoid current, and the magnetic circuit comprising the movable core, situated and slidable in the solenoid, the diagnostic device comprising an electronic diagnostic circuit with a microcontroller configured to implement the diagnostic method of claim 1 .

10. The diagnostic device of claim 9 , wherein the electronic diagnostic circuit is implemented on a power supply and control circuit board configured to be mounted on the solenoid valve.

11. The diagnostic device of claim 9 , further comprising communication means to implement communication between the microcontroller of the electronic diagnostic circuit and an external control unit.

12. The diagnostic device of claim 11 , wherein said communication means transmit a status signal to the external control unit, which may assume at least two logical levels representative of an operational state of the solenoid valve.

13. The diagnostic device of claim 9 , wherein the electronic diagnostic circuit comprises a current sampling circuit to sample the waveform at predetermined time intervals.

14. The diagnostic device of claim 9 , wherein the electronic diagnostic circuit comprises an analog peak detection circuit comprising an operational amplifier with comparator function, an inverting input terminal of which receives the solenoid current detected through a shunt resistor and a non-inverting input terminal of which receives the solenoid current to which is applied a delay given by an RC network.

15. The solenoid valve comprising the electromagnet and the valve body wherein the one or more orifices are provided for the passage of the pressurized fluid, and wherein the electromagnet comprises the solenoid configured to be connected to the constant voltage generator generating in the solenoid the solenoid current, and the magnetic circuit comprising the movable core situated and slidable in the solenoid, the solenoid valve further comprising the diagnostic device of claim 9 .

16. The solenoid valve of claim 15 , further comprising a power supply and control circuit board, the diagnostic device being implemented on the power supply and control circuit board.

17. The solenoid valve of claim 16 , wherein the power supply and control circuit board is provided with an electrical connector having a pair of power supply terminals and an electrical diagnostic terminal connectable to an external control unit.

18. A solenoid valve island, comprising a power supply and control circuit board for all solenoid valves of the solenoid valve island, the power supply and control circuit board comprising an electronic diagnostic circuit with a microcontroller configured to implement the diagnostic method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined threshold values are related to each of the solenoid valves of the solenoid valve island or groups of solenoid valves of the solenoid valve island, and wherein the detected characteristics of the waveform of the solenoid current are obtained by exciting separately each solenoid valve or each group of solenoid valves.