Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys
Systems and methods for low-manganese welding alloys are disclosed. An example arc welding consumable may comprise: less than 0.4 wt % manganese; strengthening agents selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron; and grain control agents selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, and boron. The grain control agents may comprise greater than 0.06 wt % and less than 0.6 wt % of the welding consumable. The resulting weld deposit may comprise a tensile strength greater than or equal to 70 ksi, a yield strength greater than or equal to 58 ksi, a ductility (as measured by percent elongation) of at least 22%, and a Charpy V-notch toughness greater than or equal to 20 ft-lbs at −20° F. The welding consumable may provide a manganese fume generation rate less than 0.01 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.
1. An arc welding consumable that forms a weld deposit on a steel workpiece during an arc welding operation, wherein the welding consumable comprises:
less than 0.4 wt % manganese;
strengthening agents selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, carbon, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron, where the strengthening agents include:
between 0.001 wt % and 1.0 wt % molybdenum; and
grain control agents selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, and boron, wherein the grain control agents comprise greater than 0.06 wt % and less than 0.6 wt % of the welding consumable, wherein the weld deposit comprises a tensile strength greater than or equal to 70 ksi, a yield strength greater than or equal to 58 ksi, a ductility, as measured by percent elongation, that is at least 22%, and a Charpy V-notch toughness greater than or equal to 20 ft-lbs at −20° F., and wherein the welding consumable provides a manganese fume generation rate less than 0.01 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.
2. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the manganese fume generation rate is less than 0.007 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.
3. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the manganese fume generation rate is less than 0.006 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.
4. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the manganese fume generation rate is between 0.0025 grams per minute and 0.0065 grams per minute when a rate of advancement of the welding consumable toward a workpiece is less than 700 inches per minute, or when a welding current is less than 425 amps, or both, during the arc welding operation.
5. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the welding consumable comprises a solid welding wire, a filler rod, or a stick electrode, and wherein the arc welding operation comprises a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) operation, a submerged arc welding (SAW) operation, a shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) operation, or a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) operation.
6. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.3 wt % and 0.4 wt % manganese.
7. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents comprise copper, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.001 wt % and 2 wt % copper.
8. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents comprise carbon, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.001 wt % and 0.12 wt % carbon.
9. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents comprise chromium, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.001 wt % and 0.8 wt % chromium.
10. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the grain control agents comprise titanium, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.01 wt % and 0.2 wt % titanium.
11. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the grain control agents comprise zirconium, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.01 wt % and 0.2 wt % zirconium.
12. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents and the one or more grain control agents comprise boron, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.0001 wt % and 0.01 wt % boron.
13. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the welding consumables has a carbon equivalence (CE) of between 0.07 and 0.2 as determined according to Ito and Bessyo's method.
14. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the welding consumable comprises a metal sheath and a granular core.
15. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the welding consumable is a solid wire.
16. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the manganese fume generation rate is less than 0.01 grams per minute during the arc welding operation.
17. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents comprise nickel, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.65 wt % and 0.85 wt % nickel.
18. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents comprise cobalt, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.05 wt % and 0.7 wt % cobalt.
19. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents comprise vanadium, and wherein the welding consumable comprises between 0.001 wt % and 0.025 wt % vanadium.
20. The welding consumable of claim 1 , wherein the strengthening agents include between 0.1 and 1.2 wt % silicon.