Solar canopy system with roll-formed structural components
A solar canopy has a solar panel assembly including a first solar panel coupled to a second solar panel and oriented non-parallel with respect to the second solar panel. A solar panel assembly support structure is coupled to the solar panel assembly. One or more components of the support structure are manufactured by cold rolling. The solar panel assembly has an effective solar-panel-assembly wind loading less than a sum of a first-solar-panel effective wind loading and a second-solar-panel effective wind loading determined individually. An actual load applied by the solar panel assembly to a solar-panel-assembly support structure coupled thereto when the solar panel assembly is subject to a wind loading is less than a design load for the solar panel assembly subject to the wind loading based on a sum of a first-solar-panel net pressure and a second-solar-panel net pressure determined independently.
1. A solar canopy comprising:
a solar panel assembly comprising:
a first solar panel having a total wind-exposed first-solar-panel surface area; and
a second solar panel having a total wind-exposed second-solar-panel surface area,
wherein the second solar panel is coupled to and adjacent to the first solar panel,
wherein the total wind-exposed second-solar-panel surface area has a non-parallel orientation with respect to the total wind-exposed first-solar-panel surface area,
wherein the solar panel assembly has a third solar panel with a total wind-exposed third-solar-panel surface area, and the third solar panel is coupled to and adjacent to the second solar panel and has a non-parallel orientation with respect to the total wind-exposed second-solar-panel such that the second solar panel is arranged between the first and third solar panels, and
a solar panel assembly support structure coupled to the solar panel assembly, the solar-panel-assembly support structure comprising components manufactured by cold-rolling,
wherein the components include a horizontal cross-beam coupled to the solar panel assembly and a flange return tab such that the components are formed of a cold-rolled material;
wherein the solar panel assembly support structure is designed to support an actual load applied to the solar-panel-assembly support structure by the solar panel assembly when the solar panel assembly is subject to a wind loading, wherein the actual load is less than a design load for the solar panel assembly subject to the wind loading based on a sum of a first-solar-panel net pressure for the first solar panel and a second-solar-panel net pressure for the second solar panel, the first-solar-panel net pressure and the second-solar-panel net pressure determined independently,
wherein the actual load is obtained by simultaneously measuring a pressure at a plurality of taps embedded in the surface of the first and second solar panels.
2. The solar canopy of claim 1 , wherein the solar panel assembly support structure comprises a post having a bottom end embedded in the ground and a top end coupled to the solar panel assembly, wherein the components manufactured by cold-rolling comprise the post.
3. The solar canopy of claim 1 , wherein the components manufactured by cold-rolling further comprise at least one of a web stiffener or a fully boxed member.
4. The solar canopy of claim 1 , wherein the solar panel assembly is a rectilinear array of a plurality of solar panels including the first solar panel, the second solar panel and the third solar panel.
5. The solar canopy of claim 4 , wherein the rectilinear array comprises at least an adjacent six rows with three solar panels of the plurality of solar panels per row.
6. The solar canopy of claim 1 , wherein the first solar panel and second solar panel are tilted at a tilt angle of about five degrees to about seven degrees from the horizontal, the first solar panel being tilted in a counter clockwise direction and the second solar panel being tilted in a clockwise direction.
7. The solar canopy of claim 6 , wherein the third solar panel is tilted parallel to the first solar panel.
8. The solar canopy of claim 6 , wherein is oriented non-parallel with respect to the first solar panel and tilted in the counter clockwise direction at another tilt angle different than the tilt angle of the first solar panel.
9. The solar canopy of claim 1 , wherein the actual load applied to the solar-panel-assembly support structure is defined by a force coefficient GCP, a first moment coefficient GCMHy, and a second moment coefficient GCMy defined by the following equations:
F normal =GC p ×q H ×A
M top_of_post =GC MHy ×q H ×A×L
M grade =GC My ×q H ×A×L
where,
Fnormal is a force normal to a top surface of the first or second solar panels;
Mtop_of_post is a moment about a top of the post (center of a cross beam);
Mgrade is a moment about a bottom of the post;
qH is a velocity pressure at a height (H) of ≤4.5 m in an open terrain;
A is a averaging area (Number of panels multiplied by 2 m 2 ); and
L is a nominal chord length, and
wherein the force coefficient GCP, the first moment coefficient GCMHy, and the second moment coefficient GCMy are calculated from wind tunnel pressure data obtained by simultaneously measuring the pressure at the plurality of pressure taps embedded in the surface of the first and second solar panels.
10. The solar canopy of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of purlins extend substantially vertically between the cross beam and the first-solar-panel and between the cross beam and the second-solar-panel, and the purlins are each formed with a different length to achieve a desired tilt of the first and second solar panels.
11. A solar canopy comprising:
a solar panel assembly comprising:
a first solar panel having a total wind-exposed first-solar-panel surface area; and
a second solar panel having a total wind-exposed second-solar-panel surface area,
wherein the second solar panel is coupled to the first solar panel,
wherein the total wind-exposed second-solar-panel surface area has a non-parallel orientation with respect to the total wind-exposed first-solar-panel surface area,
wherein the solar panel assembly has a third solar panel with a total wind-exposed third-solar-panel surface area, and the third solar panel is coupled to the second solar panel and parallel to the first solar panel such that the solar panel assembly having the first, second, and third solar panels is formed with a repeating pattern shape along a length direction of a horizontal cross beam coupled to the solar panel assembly, and
a solar panel assembly support structure coupled to the solar panel assembly, the solar-panel-assembly support structure comprising one or more components manufactured by cold-rolling, wherein the one or more components manufactured by cold-rolling includes a flange return tab, such that the flange return tab is formed of a cold-rolled material;
wherein the solar panel assembly support structure is designed to support an actual load applied to the solar-panel-assembly support structure by the solar panel assembly when the solar panel assembly is subject to a wind loading, wherein the actual load is less than a design load for the solar panel assembly subject to the wind loading based on a sum of a first-solar-panel net pressure for the first solar panel and a second-solar-panel net pressure for the second solar panel, the first-solar-panel net pressure and the second-solar-panel net pressure determined independently,
wherein the actual load is obtained by simultaneously measuring a pressure at a plurality of taps embedded in the surface of the first and second solar panels.
12. The solar canopy of claim 11 , wherein the solar panel assembly support structure comprises a post having a bottom end embedded in the ground and a top end coupled to the solar panel assembly, wherein the one or more components manufactured by cold-rolling comprise the post.
13. The solar canopy of claim 11 , wherein the solar panel assembly support structure comprises a horizontal cross-beam coupled to the solar panel assembly, and wherein the one or more components manufactured by cold-rolling comprise the cross-beam.
14. The solar canopy of claim 11 , wherein the one or more components manufactured by cold-rolling comprise at least one of a web stiffener, or a fully boxed member.
15. The solar canopy of claim 11 , wherein the solar panel assembly is a rectilinear array of a plurality of solar panels including the first solar panel, the second solar panel and the third solar panel.
16. The solar canopy of claim 15 , wherein the rectilinear array comprises at least an adjacent six rows with three solar panels of the plurality of solar panels per row.
17. The solar canopy of claim 11 , wherein the actual load applied to the solar-panel-assembly support structure is defined by a force coefficient GCP, a first moment coefficient GCMHy, and a second moment coefficient GCMy defined by the following equations:
F normal =GC p ×q H ×A
M top_of_post =GC MHy ×q H ×A×L
M grade =GC My ×q H ×A×L
where,
Fnormal is a force normal to a top surface of the first or second solar panels;
Mtop_of_post is a moment about a top of the post (center of a cross beam);
Mgrade is a moment about a bottom of the post;
qH is a velocity pressure at a height (H) of ≤4.5 m in an open terrain;
A is a averaging area (Number of panels multiplied by 2 m 2 ); and
L is a nominal chord length, and
wherein the force coefficient GCP, the first moment coefficient GCMHy, and the second moment coefficient GCMy are calculated from wind tunnel pressure data obtained by simultaneously measuring the pressure at the plurality of pressure taps embedded in the surface of the first and second solar panels.
18. The solar canopy of claim 4 , wherein the rectilinear array comprises at least an adjacent three rows with three solar panels of the plurality of solar panels per row.