High viscosity latexes
Methods for forming latexes are provided. In an embodiment, such a method comprises adding a monomer emulsion comprising water, a monomer, an acidic monomer, a hydrophilic monomer, a difunctional monomer, a first reactive surfactant, and a chain transfer agent, to a reactive surfactant solution comprising water, a second reactive surfactant, and an initiator, at a feed rate over a period of time so that monomers of the monomer emulsion undergo polymerization reactions to form resin particles in a latex. The reactive surfactant solution does not comprise monomers other than the second reactive surfactant, the reactive surfactant solution does not comprise a resin seed, and the monomer emulsion does not comprise the resin seed. The latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 10 cP to about 100 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature. The latexes are also provided.
1. A method for forming a latex, the method comprising:
adding a monomer emulsion comprising water, a monomer, an acidic monomer, a hydrophilic monomer, a difunctional monomer, a first reactive surfactant, and a chain transfer agent, to a reactive surfactant solution comprising water, a second reactive surfactant, and an initiator, at a feed rate over a period of time so that monomers of the monomer emulsion undergo polymerization reactions to form resin particles in a latex,
wherein the reactive surfactant solution does not comprise monomers other than the second reactive surfactant, the reactive surfactant solution does not comprise a resin seed, and the monomer emulsion does not comprise the resin seed,
further wherein the latex is characterized by a viscosity in a range of from about 10 cP to about 100 cP as measured at a solid content of about 30% and at room temperature.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic monomer comprises a hydroxyl moiety, a glycol moiety, or both.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic monomer is selected from hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, n-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylamide, ethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, propylene glycol (meth)acrylate, a poly(ethylene glycol) (meth)acrylate, and a poly(propylene glycol) (meth)acrylate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic monomer is a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate having a molecular weight in a range of from about 185 g/mol to about 1500 g/mol.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the molecular weight is in a range of from about 360 g/mol to about 1500 g/mol.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the difunctional monomer is a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer emulsion comprises styrene, an alkyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, a polyethylene glycol diacrylate, an anionic ether sulfate reactive surfactant, and the chain transfer agent.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidic monomer, the hydrophilic monomer, and the difunctional monomer are present at an amount in a range of from about 10 weight % to about 30 weight %.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the difunctional monomer is present at an amount in a range of from about 0.01 weight % to about 0.8 weight %.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resin particles of the latex are further characterized by a glass transition temperature T g in a range of from about 35° C. to about 100° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer emulsion consists of one or more types of the monomer, one or more types of the acidic monomer, one or more types of the hydrophilic monomer, one or more types of the difunctional monomer, one or more types of the first reactive surfactant, and one or more types of the chain transfer agent.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer emulsion consists of styrene, an alkyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, a polyethylene glycol diacrylate, an anionic ether sulfate reactive surfactant, and the chain transfer agent.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive surfactant solution further comprises silica nanoparticles.