Oil-in-water macro-emulsion process for forming solid gel beads meltable to form a gel phase change material
Solid gel beads formed from a gel product of a 5 carbon to 60 carbon alkane phase change material, 5 carbon to 60 carbon alkene phase change material, or a combination thereof and a styrene-based polymer are homogeneous, has an uneven exterior surface, and a major axis length in a range of 1000 μm to 100 mm. Methods for making the solid gel bead include providing water having a preselected temperature based on a linear relationship to the melting point of a phase change material composition, mixing the phase change material composition with the styrene-based polymer at or below the preselected temperature with stirring to form a pulp, and mixing the pulp into the water with turbulent mixing while maintaining the temperature of the mixture at the preselected temperature.
1. A method for making solid gel bead, the method comprising:
providing water having a preselected temperature based on a linear relationship to the melting point of a phase change material composition expressed as Y=0.6X+45 (±1° C. up to ±7° C.), wherein X is the melting point of the phase change material in degrees Celsius and Y is the preselected temperature in degrees Celsius;
mixing the phase change material composition comprising a 5 carbon to 60 carbon alkane phase change material, 5 carbon to 60 carbon alkene phase change material, or combinations thereof with a styrene-based polymer at or below the preselected temperature with stirring to form a pulp;
mixing the pulp into the water with turbulent mixing while maintaining the temperature of the mixture at the preselected temperature, thereby forming solid, homogenous gel beads without forming a viscoelastic liquid at any point within the process;
separating the solid, homogeneous gel beads from any remaining liquid.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the styrene-based polymer is a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene triblock copolymer.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein an emulsion is created under pressure.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein mixing to form the pulp is performed at standard temperature and pressure.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the turbulent mixing is maintained for a period of at least 5 minutes.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the turbulent mixing is maintained for 5 minutes to 30 minutes.
7. A continuous manufacturing method for making solid gel beads, the method comprising:
providing a source of water having a preselected temperature based on a linear relationship to the melting point of a phase change material composition expressed as Y=0.6X+45 (±1° C. up to ±7° C.), wherein X is the melting point of the phase change material in degrees Celsius and Y is the preselected temperature in degrees Celsius;
providing a vessel of a pulp mixture of a phase change material composition comprising a 5 carbon to 60 carbon alkane and/or a 5 carbon to 60 carbon alkene phase change material and a styrene-based polymer at or below the preselected temperature of the water;
introducing the pulp and the water into a turbulent mixer, thereby forming solid, homogenous gel beads without forming a viscoelastic liquid at any point within the process;
separating the solid gel beads from any remaining liquid;
drying the solid gel beads; and
distributing an allotment of dry solid gel beads into a container.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein separating comprises a continuous screen or belt filter downstream of the turbulent mixer.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the turbulent mixer is a static mixer.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein providing a source of water comprises heating the water prior to introducing the water into the turbulent mixer.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pulp in the vessel is maintained at a temperature of 25° C. to 140° C. with mixing.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pulp is mixed and maintained at standard temperature and pressure.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the styrene-based polymer is a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene triblock copolymer.
14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the method has yield greater than 90%.
15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the container is an end use container, and the method further comprises:
heating the end use container to melt the solid gel beads, thereby forming a liquid gel that conforms to the shape of the end use container; and
subsequently, cooling the end use container to form a solid gel in the shape of the end use container.
16. The method of claim 7 , wherein the container is a mold, and the method further comprises:
heating the mold to melt the solid gel beads, thereby forming a viscoelastic liquid that conforms to the shape of the mold; and
subsequently, cooling the mold to form a solid gel in the shape of the end use container.
17. The method of claim 7 , wherein the container is a shipping container.
18. The method of claim 7 , wherein the container is a plastic bag or pouch sealingly closed to retain the solid gel beads therein.
19. The method of claim 7 , wherein the container is a vessel for heating the solid gel beads and extruding therefrom a viscoelastic liquid resulting from heating the solid gel beads above the glass transition temperature thereof.