Intracellular delivery of biomolecules to cells comprising a cell wall
The present disclosure pertains to methods for delivering a compound into a cell comprising a cell wall, including passing a cell suspension through a constriction, wherein said constriction deforms the cell comprising a cell wall, thereby causing a perturbation of the cell such that the compound enters the cell, wherein said cell suspension is contacted with the compound.
1. A method for delivering a compound into a modified cell which has been modified to remove all or part of a cell wall, the method comprising passing a cell suspension which comprises the modified cell through a constriction, wherein the constriction deforms the modified cell, thereby causing a perturbation of the modified cell such that the compound enters the modified cell through the perturbation when contacted with the modified cell, and wherein the constriction is a pore or contained within a pore.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pore is contained in a surface.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface is a filter or a membrane.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the constriction comprises a size which is about 20% to about 99% of a diameter of the modified cell.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the size of the constriction is about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, or 99% of the diameter of the modified cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell suspension comprises a mixed cell population or a purified cell population.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cell is a plant cell, yeast cell, fungal cell, algal cell, or prokaryotic cell.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
(a) the plant cell is a crop, model, ornamental, vegetable, leguminous, conifer, or grass plant cell;
(b) the yeast cell is a Candida, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces , or Yarrowia strain cell;
(c) the fungal cell is an Acremonium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Humicola, Mucor, Myceliophthora, Neurospora, Penicillium, Scytalidium, Thielavia, Tolypocladium , or Trichoderma strain cell;
(d) the prokaryotic cell is a Bacillus coagulans, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides oralis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Carboxydocella sp., Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus faecalis, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus sp., Pediococcus acidilactici, Peptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus thermophilus, Vibrio furnissii, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, Xanthomonas campestris, cyanobacteria, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Azotobacter, Erwinia, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Rhizobia, Vitreoscilla, Synechococcus, Synechocystis , or Paracoccus cell; or
(e) the algal cell is a Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, or Chrysophyceae cell.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises a nucleic acid or a polypeptide-nucleic acid complex.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the nucleic acid comprises a DNA, recombinant DNA, cDNA, genomic DNA, RNA, siRNA, mRNA, mRNA, lncRNA, tRNA, shRNA, or self-amplifying mRNA.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound comprises a transposon, a plastid, a lipid-nucleic acid complex, a cation-nucleic acid complex, a polypeptide or peptide, a small molecule, a nanoparticle, a fluorescently tagged molecule, or a liposome.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is a plasmid.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein: (a) the compound comprises a Cas9 protein and a guide RNA or donor DNA; or (b) the compound comprises nucleic acid encoding for a Cas9 protein and a guide RNA or donor DNA; or (c) the compound comprises a transposase protein and a nucleic acid comprising a transposon.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the compound comprises a TALEN protein, Zinc finger nuclease, mega nuclease, CRE recombinase, FLP recombinase, R recombinase, integrase, or transposase; or
(b) the compound comprises a histone acetyltransferase, deacetylase, methyltransferase, or demethylase; or
(c) the compound comprises an antibody; or
(d) the compound is a transcription factor.
15. A method for delivering a compound into a cell comprising a cell wall, the method comprising a) removing all or part of the cell wall to produce a modified cell, and b) passing a cell suspension comprising the modified cell through a constriction, wherein the constriction deforms the modified cell, thereby causing a perturbation of the modified cell such that the compound enters the modified cell through the perturbation when contacted with the modified cell, and wherein the constriction is a pore or contained within a pore.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein removing all or part of the cell wall comprises treating the cell with an enzyme, heat, or ultrasound.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the enzyme is one or more of cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, lysozyme, an enzyme preparation comprising β-1,3-glucan laminaripentaohydrolase and β-1,3-glucanase, or chitinase.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the pore is contained in a surface.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the surface is a filter or a membrane.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cell comprises a plant cell, yeast cell, fungal cell, algal cell, or prokaryotic cell.
21. The method of claim 15 , wherein the compound comprises a nucleic acid or a polypeptide-nucleic acid complex.
22. The method of claim 15 , wherein the compound comprises a transposon, a plastid, a lipid-nucleic acid complex, a cation-nucleic acid complex, a polypeptide or peptide, a small molecule, a nanoparticle, a fluorescently tagged molecule, or a liposome.
23. The method of claim 15 , wherein the compound is a plasmid.
24. The method of claim 15 , wherein: (a) the compound comprises a Cas9 protein and a guide RNA or donor DNA; or (b) the compound comprises nucleic acid encoding for a Cas9 protein and a guide RNA or donor DNA; or (c) the compound comprises a transposase protein and a nucleic acid comprising a transposon.
25. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
(a) the compound comprises a TALEN protein, Zinc finger nuclease, mega nuclease, CRE recombinase, FLP recombinase, R recombinase, integrase, or transposase; or
(b) the compound comprises a histone acetyltransferase, deacetylase, methyltransferase, or demethylase; or
(c) the compound comprises an antibody; or
(d) the compound is a transcription factor.