Layered clothing that conforms to an underlying body and/or clothing layer
An automated cage-to-cage fitting technique is used to fit arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) geometry to arbitrary target 3D geometry for 3D avatars in a 3D environment, such as an online game. Each graphical representation of items of clothing is provided with an inner cage and with an outer cage. The inner cage of a clothing item (a current layer) is mapped to the outer cage of another clothing item (a previous/underlying layer) that has already been fitted on the 3D avatar. This mapping enables the current layer to conform to the shape of the previous layer. The technique allows any body geometry to be fitted with any clothing geometry, including enabling layers of clothing to be fitted over underlying layer(s) of clothing, thereby providing customization.
1. A computer-implemented method to provide layered clothing on three-dimensional (3D) avatars, the method comprising:
identifying body feature points of a body cage of a 3D avatar having an avatar body;
mapping first inner feature points, of a first inner cage of a template first piece of clothing, to the body feature points of the body cage to obtain a deformed first piece of clothing that conforms to the avatar body, wherein the template first piece of clothing includes a first outer cage, separated from the first inner cage by at least a first distance, having first outer feature points along a first outer surface of the template first piece of clothing;
fitting the deformed first piece of clothing onto the avatar body by at least partially enveloping the avatar body with the deformed first piece of clothing;
mapping second inner feature points, of a second inner cage of a template second piece of clothing, to the first outer feature points of the first outer cage to obtain a deformed second piece of clothing that conforms to the first outer cage, wherein the template second piece of clothing includes a second outer cage, separated from the second inner cage by at least a second distance, having second outer feature points along a second outer surface of the template second piece of clothing; and
fitting the deformed second piece of clothing onto the avatar body by at least partially enveloping the avatar body, having the deformed first piece of clothing fitted thereon, with the deformed second piece of clothing.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least the first distance includes the first distance and at least a third distance both of which separate the first inner cage from the first outer cage, wherein the first distance is greater than the third distance, and wherein the method further comprises:
maintaining the first distance between at least one of the first inner feature points of the first inner cage and a corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer feature points of the first outer cage such that a visual appearance of a protrusion surface feature of the first outer surface is at least partially preserved when the first piece of clothing is deformed; and
maintaining the at least the third distance between at least another one of the first inner feature points of the first inner cage and another corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer feature points of the first outer cage such that a visual appearance of the first outer surface, outside of the protrusion surface feature, is at least partially preserved when the first piece of clothing is deformed.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
obtaining the avatar body from a first library of avatar bodies; and
obtaining the template first and second pieces of clothing from a second library of clothing, wherein the avatar bodies in the first library and the clothing in the second library are independent of each other.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein mapping the second inner feature points, of the second inner cage, to the first outer feature points of the first outer cage includes:
providing a first radial basis function (RBF) having a first key that corresponds to a location of at least one first inner feature point of the first inner cage, and a first value that corresponds to a location of a corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer cage; and
chaining a second RBF to the first RBF, wherein the second RBF has a second key that corresponds to a location of at least one second inner feature point of the second inner cage, and a second value that corresponds to a location of at least one second outer feature point of the second outer cage,
wherein the second key of the second RBF is equal to the first value of the first RBF.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the body feature points of the body cage define an outer surface of the avatar body,
at least a first group of the body feature points is formed by vertices of multiple polygons on the avatar body, and
at least a second group of the body feature points is formed by discrete body feature points on the avatar body.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mappings and fittings are performed by a software application at a client device during runtime of the software application.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the avatar body has a graphical skin, and wherein fitting the deformed first piece of clothing onto the avatar body includes fitting the deformed first piece of clothing over the graphical skin of the avatar body.
8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, responsive to execution by a processor, cause the processor to perform or control performance of operations that comprise:
identify body feature points of a body cage of a 3D avatar having an avatar body;
map inner feature points, of a first inner cage of a template first piece of clothing, to the body feature points of the body cage to obtain a deformed first piece of clothing that conforms to the avatar body, wherein the template first piece of clothing includes a first outer cage, separated from the first inner cage by at least a first distance, having first outer feature points along a first outer surface of the template first piece of clothing;
fit the deformed first piece of clothing onto the avatar body by at least partially enveloping the avatar body with the deformed first piece of clothing;
map second inner feature points, of a second inner cage of a template second piece of clothing, to the first outer feature points of the first outer cage to obtain a deformed second piece of clothing that conforms to the first outer cage, wherein the template second piece of clothing includes a second outer cage, separated from the second inner cage by at least a second distance, having second outer feature points along a second outer surface of the template second piece of clothing; and
fit the deformed second piece of clothing onto the avatar body by at least partially enveloping the avatar body, having the deformed first piece of clothing fitted thereon, with the deformed second piece of clothing.
9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the at least the first distance includes the first distance and at least a third distance both of which separate the first inner cage from the first outer cage, wherein the first distance is greater than the third distance, and wherein the operations further comprise:
maintain the first distance between at least one of the first inner feature points of the first inner cage and a corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer feature points of the first outer cage such that a visual appearance of a protrusion surface feature of the first outer surface is at least partially preserved when the first piece of clothing is deformed; and
maintain the at least the third distance between at least another one of the first inner feature points of the first inner cage and another corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer feature points of the first outer cage such that a visual appearance of the first outer surface, outside of the protrusion surface feature, is at least partially preserved when the first piece of clothing is deformed.
10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the operations further comprise:
obtain the avatar body from a first library of avatar bodies; and
obtain the template first and second pieces of clothing from a second library of clothing, wherein the avatar bodies in the first library and the clothing in the second library are independent of each other.
11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the operations to map the second inner feature points, of the second inner cage, to the first outer feature points of the first outer cage include operations to:
provide a first radial basis function (RBF) having a first key that corresponds to a location of at least one first inner feature point of the first inner cage, and a first value that corresponds to a location of a corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer cage; and
chain a second RBF to the first RBF, wherein the second RBF has a second key that corresponds to a location of at least one second inner feature point of the second inner cage, and a second value that corresponds to a location of at least one second outer feature point of the second outer cage,
wherein the second key of the second RBF is equal to the first value of the first RBF.
12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein:
the body feature points of the body cage define an outer surface of the avatar body,
at least a first group of the body feature points is formed by vertices of multiple polygons on the avatar body, and
at least a second group of the body feature points is formed by discrete body feature points on the avatar body.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the operations to map and fit are performed by a software application at a client device during runtime of the software application.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 , wherein the avatar body has a graphical skin, and wherein the operations to fit the deformed first piece of clothing onto the avatar body includes operations to fit the deformed first piece of clothing over the graphical skin of the avatar body.
15. An apparatus, comprising:
a display device operable to present three-dimensional (3D) avatars having layered clothing;
a memory having a game application stored therein; and
a processor coupled to the display device and to the memory, and operable to execute the game application stored in the memory, wherein the game application is executable by the processor to cause the processor to perform or control performance of operations that include:
identify body feature points of a body cage of a 3D avatar having an avatar body;
map first inner feature points, of a first inner cage of a template first piece of clothing, to the body feature points of the body cage to obtain a deformed first piece of clothing that conforms to the avatar body, wherein the template first piece of clothing includes a first outer cage, separated from the first inner cage by at least a first distance, having first outer feature points along a first outer surface of the template first piece of clothing;
fit the deformed first piece of clothing onto the avatar body by at least partially enveloping the avatar body with the deformed first piece of clothing;
map second inner feature points, of a second inner cage of a template second piece of clothing, to the first outer feature points of the first outer cage the deformed first piece of clothing to obtain a deformed second piece of clothing that conforms to the first outer cage, wherein the template second piece of clothing includes a second outer cage, separated from the second inner cage by at least a second distance, having second outer feature points along a second outer surface of the template second piece of clothing; and
fit the deformed second piece of clothing onto the avatar body by at least partially enveloping the avatar body, having the deformed first piece of clothing fitted thereon, with the deformed second piece of clothing.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the at least the first distance includes the first distance and at least a third distance both of which separate the first inner cage from the first outer cage, wherein the first distance is greater than the third distance, and wherein the operations further comprise:
maintain the first distance between at least one of the first inner feature points of the first inner cage and a corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer feature points of the first outer cage such that a visual appearance of a protrusion surface feature of the first outer surface is at least partially preserved when the first piece of clothing is deformed; and
maintain the at least the third distance between at least another one of the first inner feature points of the first inner cage and another corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer feature points of the first outer cage such that a visual appearance of the first outer surface, outside of the protrusion surface feature, is at least partially preserved when the first piece of clothing is deformed.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the operations further comprise:
obtain the avatar body from a first library of avatar bodies; and
obtain the template first and second pieces of clothing from a second library of clothing, wherein the avatar bodies in the first library and the clothing in the second library are independent of each other.
18. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the operations to map the second inner feature points, of the second inner cage, to the first outer feature points of the first outer cage include operations to:
provide a first radial basis function (RBF) having a first key that corresponds to a location of at least one first inner feature point of the first inner cage, and a first value that corresponds to a location of a corresponding first outer feature point of the first outer cage; and
chain a second RBF to the first RBF, wherein the second RBF has a second key that corresponds to a location of at least one second inner feature point of the second inner cage, and a second value that corresponds to a location of at least one second outer feature point of the second outer cage,
wherein the second key of the second RBF is equal to the first value of the first RBF.
19. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the body feature points of the body cage define an outer surface of the avatar body,
at least a first group of the body feature points is formed by vertices of multiple polygons on the avatar body, and
at least a second group of the body feature points is formed by discrete body feature points on the avatar body.
20. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the avatar body has a graphical skin, and wherein the operations to fit the deformed first piece of clothing onto the avatar body includes operations to fit the deformed first piece of clothing over a graphical skin of the avatar body.