Methods and apparatuses for harvesting water from air
Examples of apparatuses for harvesting water are described herein. The apparatuses include a wall having a hydrophilic contacting surface and a hydrophobic collecting surface. A plurality of pores defining an inner volume extend between the contacting surface and the collecting surface and provide a fluid flow communication between the contacting surface and the collecting surface. As air is directed across or towards the wall, water condenses on the contacting surface, seeps into the pores and passes through the wall to the collecting surface for collection.
1. An apparatus for harvesting water from air, the apparatus comprising:
a body comprising:
a first end and a second end, the first end spaced apart from the second end, the first end having a first opening to receive air from atmosphere, or another fluid, comprising water and the second end having a second opening to release air from the body; and
a wall of the body extending from the first end to the second end and comprising an internal hydrophilic contacting surface and an external hydrophobic collecting surface, the wall comprising a plurality of pores defining an inner volume between the contacting surface and the collecting surface and allowing a fluid flow communication between the contacting surface and the collecting surface,
wherein the water is carried from the contacting surface to the collecting surface through the pore by a pressure gradient,
and wherein the body has a conical shape with the first opening having a larger area than the second opening to provide the pressure gradient.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pores are shaped to carry the water from the contacting surface to the collecting surface by a capillary force.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the body further comprises a fan adjacent to the first opening to provide the pressure gradient.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the contacting surface is positioned normal to a direction of the fluid flow communication through the pore.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic contacting surface is treated with carbon nanotubes.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic contacting surface is treated with graphene.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first opening and the second opening each have circular shapes.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the collecting surface is configured such that the water exiting the pore is collected from the collecting surface by gravity, electrostatic or other external forces.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising baffles in the inner volume of the body to direct air through the body towards the second opening.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of tubes having an external hydrophilic tube surface, an internal hydrophobic tube surface and a plurality of tube pores defining an inner tube volume between the external hydrophilic tube surface and the internal hydrophobic tube surface, wherein the internal hydrophobic tube surface is in fluid flow communication with the hydrophobic collecting surface of the wall of the body.
11. An apparatus for harvesting water from air, the apparatus comprising:
a body comprising:
a first end and a second end, the first end spaced apart from the second end, the first end having a first opening to receive air from atmosphere, or another fluid, comprising water and a second opening to release the air from the body, the second end having a third opening to release the water from the body; and
a wall of the body extending between the first end and the second end and comprising an internal hydrophilic contacting surface and an external hydrophobic collecting surface, the wall comprising a plurality of pores defining an inner volume between the contacting surface and the collecting surface and allowing a fluid flow communication between the contacting surface and the collecting surface.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the second opening and the third opening are coaxial and the first opening has an axis that is transverse to the axis of the second opening and the third opening.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the first end is an upper end, the second opening is an upper opening, the second end is a lower end and the third opening is a lower opening.
14. The apparatus claim 13 , wherein the air exits through the upper opening and the water is collected at the lower opening.
15. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the body includes an upper portion having the first opening and the second opening and a lower portion having the third opening.
16. An apparatus for harvesting water from air, the apparatus comprising:
a body comprising:
a first end and a second end, the first end spaced apart from the second end, the first end having a first opening to receive air from atmosphere, or another fluid, comprising water and the second end having a second opening to release air from the body; and
a wall of the body extending from the first end to the second end and comprising an internal hydrophilic contacting surface and an external hydrophobic collecting surface, the wall comprising a plurality of pores defining an inner volume between the contacting surface and the collecting surface and allowing a fluid flow communication between the contacting surface and the collecting surface,
wherein the hydrophilic contacting surface is treated with carbon nanotubes.
17. An apparatus for harvesting water from air, the apparatus comprising:
a body comprising:
a first end and a second end, the first end spaced apart from the second end, the first end having a first opening to receive air from atmosphere, or another fluid, comprising water and the second end having a second opening to release air from the body; and
a wall of the body extending from the first end to the second end and comprising an internal hydrophilic contacting surface and an external hydrophobic collecting surface, the wall comprising a plurality of pores defining an inner volume between the contacting surface and the collecting surface and allowing a fluid flow communication between the contacting surface and the collecting surface,
wherein the hydrophilic contacting surface is treated with graphene.
18. An apparatus for harvesting water from air, the apparatus comprising:
a body comprising:
a first end and a second end, the first end spaced apart from the second end, the first end having a first opening to receive air from atmosphere, or another fluid, comprising water and the second end having a second opening to release air from the body;
a wall of the body extending from the first end to the second end and comprising an internal hydrophilic contacting surface and an external hydrophobic collecting surface, the wall comprising a plurality of pores defining an inner volume between the contacting surface and the collecting surface and allowing a fluid flow communication between the contacting surface and the collecting surface; and
a plurality of tubes having an external hydrophilic tube surface, an internal hydrophobic tube surface and a plurality of tube pores defining an inner tube volume between the external hydrophilic tube surface and the internal hydrophobic tube surface, wherein the internal hydrophobic tube surface is in fluid flow communication with the hydrophobic collecting surface of the wall of the body.