Using graphite nano-platelets to improve the integrity of oil and gas wells
Embodiments relate to use of graphite nanoplatelets (GnP) to enhance the mechanical and durability characteristics of cement that may be used as cement sheaths in wellbores of oil and gas wells. Generally, undesired permeability of cement is caused by diffusion of trapped oil and/or natural gas through the cementitious matrix of the cement, leading to material degradation of the cement. Methods disclosed involve using modified GnPs (having physically modified surfaces or chemically modified surfaces energies) to generate a cementitious nanocomposite with uniformly dispersed GnPs, which can effectively arrest the undesired diffusion mechanism. Modified GnPs can also increase the strength of interfacial adhesion (e.g., interfacial bonds and interfacial energies) between the GnP and the cement matrix (e.g., hydrations of the cement). Physical modification of GnP can involve non-covalent treatment techniques. Chemical modification of GnP can involve covalent treatment techniques.
1. A method for improving properties of cement, the method comprising:
generating a cementitious nanocomposite under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, the cementitious nanocomposite comprising modified graphite nanoplatelets (GnP), the modified GnP being functionalized by introduction of hydrophilic groups on its surface via chemical surface treatment by generating a solution containing nitric acid and sulfuric acid, adding GnP to the solution, stirring the solution, washing GnP with deionized water and HCl, and washing GnP by acetone to remove carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs);
using the cementitious nanocomposite as a component of cement, wherein the modified GnP have a reduced tendency to agglomerate while being part of the cement due to the hydrophilic groups; and
wherein the properties of the cement include integrity, ductility, toughness, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, shear bond strength, microstructure, permeability, viscosity, Rheology, thickening time, and free fluid formation.
2. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic groups allow for more uniform dispersion of modified GnP throughout the cement.
3. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein formation of the hydrophilic groups on GnP edge surfaces increases interfacial adhesion between modified GnP and the cement matrix.
4. The method recited in claim 3 , wherein the increased interfacial adhesion provides higher bond strength between modified GnPs and hydrations of the cement.
5. The method recited in claim 4 , wherein, when the cement is used as a cement sheath in a wellbore, the increased interfacial adhesion prevents or inhibits debonding of the cement from a casing of the wellbore and/or debonding of the cement from surrounding rock formations of the wellbore.
6. The method recited in claim 2 , wherein, when the cement is used as a cement sheath in a wellbore, the more uniform dispersion of modified GnP prevents or inhibits diffusion of trapped oil and/or natural gas through the pore network and/or micro-cracks of the cement.
7. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein modified GnP concentration is within a range from 0.10 Vol. % to 0.40 Vol. % with respect to the volume of the dry cement.
8. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein any one or combination of the following:
the cement is used at high-pressure and high-temperature for a primary oilwell, a gas-well, a geothermal well, and/or a waste disposal well;
the cement is used for primary cementing of a primary oilwell, a gas-well, a geothermal well, and/or a waste disposal well;
the cement is used for remedial treatment of a primary oilwell, a gas-well, a geothermal well, and/or a waste disposal well;
the cement is used for plugging and abandonment of a primary oilwell, a gas-well, a geothermal well, and/or a waste disposal well; and
the cement is in presence of water-based mud and/or oil-based mud.
9. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein use of the cement improves cement bonding to formation and casing with the use of spacer fluids or without the use of spacer fluids.
10. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein use of the cement reduces leakage and mechanical failure by reducing the number and size of microcracks and voids in a cement matrix.
11. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein use of the cement provides better penetration into flaws and narrow open spaces in the cement.