Compounds for treating and preventing extracellular histone mediated pathologies
The present invention relates to compounds with high chemical stability and methods for inhibiting the pathological activity of extracellular histones in a subject. In particular, the invention relates to compounds with high chemical stability, uses thereof and methods for inhibiting or ameliorating extracellular histone mediated ailments (such as, for example, sepsis, systemic immune response syndrome (SIRS) and ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI)). More particularly, the invention relates to methods and uses of a polyanionic sulfated cellobioside modified with a small uncharged glycosidically linked substituent at its reducing terminus, wherein the presence of the substituent results in a molecule with high chemical stability without affecting the ability of the molecule to be effective in the therapy of extracellular histone mediated ailments. For example, the present invention relates to methods and uses of β-O-methyl cellobioside sulfate (mCBS) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., mCBS.Na), in the therapy of a range of extracellular histone mediated ailments in subjects.
1. A method of treating an extracellular histone mediated ailment in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a polyanionic sulfated cellobioside compound having the general structure of:
wherein: R1 is O— or S—(C 1-6 )alkyl or R1 is a methoxy or ethoxy group; and R2 to R8 are each selected from an unmodified hydroxyl group, or a sulfate group selected from O-sulfate or N-sulfate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and
wherein the therapeutically effective amount is sufficient to reduce, minimize or inhibit extracellular histones that (i) are cytotoxic towards the endothelium in a subject, or (ii) contribute to endothelial dysfunction in a subject, or (iii) initiate coagulation by activating platelets in a subject, or (iv) induce red cell fragility and resultant anaemia in a subject, or (v) induce microthrombii forming in a subject, or (vi) induce dysfunction of the circulatory system in a subject, or (vii) induce organ dysfunction in a subject.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the extracellular histone mediated ailment is sepsis, systemic immune response syndrome (SIRS), ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multiple sclerosis.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the sepsis, SIRS or IRI or a medical condition or disease associated with sepsis, SIRS or IRI is caused by and/or mediated by and/or involves and/or associated with extracellular histones mediated pathology in the subject, and said method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the polyanionic sulfated cellobioside compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof sufficient to treat said sepsis, SIRS or IRI condition or disease in the subject.
4. The method according to claim 1 , comprising administering the therapeutically affective amount of the polyanionic sulfated cellobioside compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a single dose.
5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising administering the therapeutically affective amount of the polyanionic sulfated cellobioside compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in multiple doses.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising administering to the subject, at the same time or concomitantly, a second active agent, wherein the second active agent is an anti-inflammatory agent, antibiotic agent, antiviral agent, antifungal agent or another form of medical intervention as an adjunct treatment for the medical condition or disease being treated.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is sulfated β-O-methyl cellobioside disaccharide, or wherein the compound is sodium β-O-methyl cellobioside sulfate.
8. A method of treating an extracellular histone mediated ailment in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a polyanionic sulfated cellobioside compound having the general structure of:
wherein: R1 is O— or S—(C 1-6 )alkyl or R1 is a methoxy or ethoxy group; and R2 to R8 are each selected from an unmodified hydroxyl group, or a sulfate group selected from O-sulfate or N-sulfate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein the subject in need thereof has the extracellular histone mediated ailment,
wherein the extracellular histone mediated ailment is caused by and/or mediated by and/or involves and/or associated with a release of extracellular histones in the subject, and
wherein the therapeutically effective amount is sufficient to reduce, minimize or inhibit extracellular histones that (i) are cytotoxic towards the endothelium in a subject, or (ii) contribute to endothelial dysfunction in a subject, or (iii) initiate coagulation by activating platelets in a subject, or (iv) induce red cell fragility and resultant anaemia in a subject or (v) induce microthrombii forming in a subject, or (vi) induce dysfunction of the circulatory system in a subject, or (vii) induce organ dysfunction in a subject.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the compound is sulfated β-O-methyl cellobioside disaccharide, or wherein the compound is sodium β-O-methyl cellobioside sulfate.
10. A method of treating sepsis, systemic immune response syndrome (SIRS), ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multiple sclerosis in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a polyanionic sulfated cellobioside compound having the general structure of:
wherein: R1 is O— or S—(C 1-6 )alkyl or R1 is a methoxy or ethoxy group; and R2 to R8 are each selected from an unmodified hydroxyl group, or a sulfate group selected from O-sulfate or N-sulfate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the compound is sulfated β-O-methyl cellobioside disaccharide, or wherein the compound is sodium β-O-methyl cellobioside sulfate.