Compound multi-copter aircraft
A compound aircraft embodies an array of rotors for vertical flight positioned on support booms and wing elements for cruise flight coupled to a central fuselage housing avionics and a pusher propeller for forward propulsion. The aircraft accommodates a cargo-carrying container with mating of the surfaces between container and fuselage and latching mechanisms for attaching and detaching the container and vehicle.
1. An aircraft capable of fixed-wing and rotor flight modes, the aircraft comprising:
a fuselage, wherein the fuselage includes a front portion and a rear portion, and wherein the fuselage includes a longitudinal axis of the aircraft extending through the front portion and the rear portion, wherein the aircraft includes an aircraft center-of-gravity;
a detachable cargo container having a detachable cargo container center-of-gravity, and wherein the detachable cargo container includes one or more sensors configured to autonomously detect data indicative of an overall detachable cargo container weight and the detachable cargo container center-of-gravity; and
wherein the fuselage includes a mounting system, the mounting system having a winch, an adjustment apparatus, and at least one controller for controlling movement of the winch and the adjustment apparatus, wherein the mounting system:
receives, from the one or more sensors, the data indicative of the overall detachable cargo container weight and the detachable cargo container center-of gravity,
couples the detachable cargo container to an exterior portion of the fuselage, and
based on the received data, autonomously adjusts a position of the detachable cargo container fore and aft along the longitudinal axis such that the aircraft center-of-gravity and the detachable cargo container center-of-gravity are aligned;
a wing coupled to the fuselage;
a first support boom coupled to the wing and a second support boom coupled to the wing wherein the fuselage is positioned equidistant between the first support boom and the second support boom and wherein the first support boom and the second support boom are parallel to the longitudinal axis;
a propulsion system configured to provide thrust substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis; and
a rotor array distributed among the first support boom and the second support boom wherein the rotor array provides substantially vertical thrust and wherein each rotor includes a rotor pitch mechanism to change rotor pitch angle and a rotor attitude mechanism to change rotor attitude and wherein the rotor array includes two or more rotor pairs, each rotor pair having a first rotor on the first support boom and a second rotor on the second support boom, characterized in that wherein each rotor in at least one rotor pair is mounted at an angle tilted away at an equal but opposite fore and aft angle from a vertical axis parallel to a vertical axis of the aircraft wherein the rotor attitude is configured to be operationally varied and, in that each rotor in at least one other rotor pair is mounted at another angle tilted away at an equal but opposite left and right angle from the vertical axis parallel to a vertical axis of the aircraft wherein the rotor attitude of the other rotor pair is configured to be operationally varied, the vertical axis of the aircraft being perpendicular to a lateral axis of the aircraft and to the longitudinal axis.
2. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the aircraft center-of-gravity remains substantially unchanged when the detachable cargo container is attached to the mounting system and when the detachable cargo container is detached from the mounting system.
3. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein each rotor is associated with a rotor drive system.
4. The aircraft of claim 3 , wherein each rotor drive system includes a motor, and each motor is coupled to a battery system and wherein the propulsion system includes a generator and wherein each motor receives power from the battery system and the generator.
5. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the propulsion system is a liquid-fuel engine capable of sustaining the aircraft in a cruise flight mode independent of the rotor array.
6. The aircraft of claim 5 , wherein the liquid-fuel engine provides thrust sufficient to sustain the aircraft in the cruise flight mode without aid from the rotor array system.
7. The aircraft of claim 6 , wherein the liquid-fuel engine is coupled to a generator and wherein the generator is configured to provide energy to a battery management system and/or directly to the rotor array system.
8. The aircraft of claim 7 , wherein thrust sufficient to sustain the aircraft in the vertical flight is based on an energy contribution from the liquid-fuel engine and the battery management system.
9. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising a flight control system configured to transition the aircraft from the vertical flight mode to the cruise flight mode and from the cruise flight mode to the vertical flight mode.
10. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising
an independent sensor associated with each rotor, the sensor configured for sensing a position of each rotor in the rotor array; and
a rotor drive system configured to, responsive to sensing the position of each rotor, stop each rotor independently.
11. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein each rotor of the multi-rotor array has variable pitch.