Vehicle door opening and closing apparatus

1. A vehicle door opening and closing apparatus, comprising:

a vehicle door;

a rail mounted on a vehicle body; and

a roller unit mounted on the vehicle door, and configured to move along the rail,

wherein the roller unit allows the vehicle door to open and close in either a sliding mode, in which the vehicle door slides along the rail, or a swing mode, in which the vehicle door swings in a predetermined position of the rail;

wherein the roller unit includes a roller bracket having a roller configured to roll along the rail, and a body connecting the roller bracket and the vehicle door.

2. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein the roller unit has a rotation axis and includes a hold lock,

wherein the roller unit is releasably held in the predetermined position of the rail by the hold lock,

wherein the vehicle door swings around the rotation axis when the roller unit is held in the predetermined position of the rail by the hold lock, and

wherein the vehicle door slides along the rail when the roller unit is released by the hold lock.

3. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the body includes a first end portion to which the roller bracket is connected, and a second end portion to which the vehicle door is connected.

4. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the first end portion of the body is pivotally connected to the roller bracket through a pivot pin, and the rotation axis is defined by the pivot pin.

5. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the body has a pivot lug protruding from the first end portion toward the roller bracket, and the pivot lug is pivotally connected to the roller bracket through the pivot pin.

6. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the second end portion of the body is fixed to the vehicle door.

7. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the first end portion of the body is fixed to the roller bracket.

8. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the second end portion of the body is pivotally connected to the vehicle door through a pivot pin, and the rotation axis is defined by the pivot pin.

9. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the vehicle door has a pivot lug protruding toward the body, and the second end portion of the body is pivotally connected to the pivot lug through the pivot pin.

10. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a center rail extending from an edge of a door aperture of the vehicle body; and

a center roller unit guided along the center rail,

wherein the center roller unit is mounted on a rear end of the vehicle door.

11. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the center rail includes a sliding guide configured to guide the center roller unit when the vehicle door slides in the sliding mode, and a swing guide configured to guide the center roller unit when the vehicle door swings in the swing mode.

12. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the sliding guide extends in a longitudinal direction of a vehicle, and the swing guide extends toward an interior space of the vehicle.

13. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the sliding guide has a stopper wall configured to prevent the center roller unit from being separated from the sliding guide.

14. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the swing guide has a guide projection configured to guide a movement of the center roller unit.

15. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the center rail includes a space allowing the center roller unit to be released from the center rail or be held in the center rail when the vehicle door swings in the swing mode, and the space is defined between the stopper wall and the guide projection.

16. The vehicle door opening and closing apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein an angle of intersection between an axis of the sliding guide and an axis of the swing guide is an obtuse angle.