Sediment-control fences with anisotropic strength and stiffness properties
Sediment-control fences designed to withstand hydrostatic forces associated with elevated backwater against the fence are disclosed. The fences are made of anisotropic fabric having different mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness in the machine direction versus the transverse direction. The anisotropic fabric may include fibrillated yarns in one direction and monofilaments in another direction. The sediment-control fences may be used without the necessity of wire or chain-link backed supports that are conventionally used to resist structural failure due to hydraulic overtopping of the fences.
1. A sediment-control fence comprising an anisotropic fabric having a lower grade line and an upper edge defining an installed height extending between the lower grade line and the upper edge, the anisotropic fabric comprising fibrillated yarn running in a transverse direction substantially parallel with the installed height, or running in a machine direction substantially parallel with a length of the anisotropic fabric, wherein a tensile strength of the anisotropic fabric in the machine direction remains substantially constant along the installed height.
2. The sediment-control fence of claim 1 , wherein the fibrillated yarn runs in the transverse direction.
3. The sediment-control fence of claim 2 , wherein the anisotropic fabric comprises monofilaments running in the machine direction.
4. The sediment-control fence of claim 3 , wherein the fibrillated yarn and monofilaments are woven in a plain weave pattern.
5. The sediment-control fence of claim 4 , wherein the plain weave pattern comprises a two-pick weave of the fibrillated yarn.
6. The sediment-control fence of claim 5 , wherein the fibrillated yarn comprises a first fibrillated strand and a second fibrillated strand, and the first and second fibrillated strands have substantially the same denier.
7. The sediment-control fence of claim 4 , wherein the transverse-direction fibrillated yarn has a denier of from 1,000 to 2,000, and the machine-direction monofilaments have a denier of from 3,000 to 6,000.
8. The sediment-control fence of claim 4 , wherein the transverse-direction fibrillated yarn has a tensile strength of from 30 to 60 pounds and an elongation of from 10 to 25 percent, and the machine-direction monofilaments have a tensile strength of from 10 to 25 pounds and an elongation of from 8 to 20 percent.
9. The sediment-control fence of claim 4 , wherein the anisotropic fabric comprises from 4 to 20 of the transverse-direction fibrillation yarns per inch measured in the machine direction, and from 20 to 50 of the machine-direction monofilaments per inch measured in the transverse direction.
10. The sediment-control fence of claim 4 , wherein each transverse-direction fibrillated yarn has a width of from 0.08 to 0.3 inch, and each machine-direction monofilament has a width of from 0.01 to 0.05 inch.
11. The sediment-control fence of claim 4 , further comprising at least one marking stripe running along the length of the anisotropic fabric having an appearance different from an appearance of a remainder of the anisotropic fabric.
12. The sediment-control fence of claim 11 , wherein the at least one marking stripe is non-reinforcing.
13. The sediment-control fence of claim 12 , wherein the at least one marking stripe is located at a height between the lower grade line and the upper edge corresponding to a height of the center of pressure at overtopping.
14. The sediment-control fence of claim 13 , comprising another one of the marking stripes located at a height between the lower grade line and the upper edge corresponding to a height of the center of pressure at half overtopping.
15. The sediment-control fence of claim 1 , wherein an elongation of the anisotropic fabric remains substantially constant along the installed height.
16. The sediment-control fence of claim 1 , wherein:
the fibrillated yarn runs in the transverse direction;
the anisotropic fabric comprises monofilaments running in the machine direction; and
the fibrillated yarn has a tensile strength greater than the monofilaments.
17. A sediment-control fence system comprising:
anchoring posts; and
a sediment-control fence for attachment to the anchoring posts comprising an anisotropic fabric having a lower grade line and an upper edge defining an installed height extending between the lower grade line and the upper edge, the anisotropic fabric comprising fibrillated yarn running in a transverse direction substantially parallel with the installed height, or running in a machine direction substantially parallel with a length of the anisotropic fabric, wherein a tensile strength of the anisotropic fabric in the machine direction remains substantially constant along the installed height.
18. The sediment-control fence system of claim 17 , wherein the fibrillated yarn runs in the transverse direction, and the anisotropic fabric comprises monofilaments running in the machine direction.
19. The sediment-control fence system of claim 18 , wherein the fibrillated yarn and monofilaments are woven in a double pick plain weave pattern.
20. The sediment-control fence system of claim 18 , wherein at least one marking stripe having an appearance different from an appearance of a remainder of the anisotropic fabric runs along the length of the anisotropic fabric at a location corresponding to an attachment point between the anisotropic fabric and at least one of the anchoring posts.
21. The sediment-control fence system of claim 20 , wherein the at least one marking stripe is non-reinforcing.
22. The sediment-control fence system of claim 21 , wherein the at least one marking stripe is located at a height between the lower grade line and the upper edge corresponding to a height of the center of pressure at overtopping.
23. The sediment-control fence system of claim 17 , wherein an elongation of the anisotropic fabric remains substantially constant along the installed height.
24. The sediment-control fence of claim 18 , wherein the fibrillated yarn has a tensile strength greater than the monofilaments.