Lipids for use in lipid nanoparticle formulations
Compounds are provided having the following structure: [Formula should be inserted here] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R 3 , L 1 , L 2 , G 1 , G 2 and G 3 are as defined herein. Use of the compounds as a component of lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of a therapeutic agent, compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use and preparation are also provided.
1. A compound having the following structure (I):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:
L 1 is —O(C═O)R 1 , —(C═O)OR 1 , —C(═O)R 1 , —OR 1 , —S(O) x R 1 , —S—SR 1 , —C(═O)SR 1 , —SC(═O)R 1 , —NR a C(═O)R 1 , —C(═O)NR b R c , —NR a C(═O)NR b R c , —OC(═O)NR b R c or —NR a C(═O)OR 1 ;
L 2 is —O(C═O)R 2 , —(C═O)OR 2 , —C(═O)R 2 , —OR 2 , —S(O) x R 2 , —S—SR 2 , —C(═O)SR 2 , —SC(═O)R 2 , —NR d C(═O)R 2 , —C(═O)NR e R f , —NR d C(═O)NR e R f , —OC(═O)NR e R f ; —NR d C(═O)OR 2 or a direct bond to R 2 ;
G 1 and G 2 are each independently C 2 -C 12 alkylene or C 2 -C 12 alkenylene;
G 3 is C 1 -C 24 alkylene, C 2 -C 24 alkenylene, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkylene or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenylene;
R a , R b , R d and R e are each independently H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl or C 1 -C 12 alkenyl;
R c and R f are each independently C 1 -C 12 alkyl or C 2 -C 12 alkenyl;
R 1 and R 2 are each independently branched C 6 -C 24 alkyl or branched C 6 -C 24 alkenyl;
R 3 is —N(R 4 )R 5 ;
R 4 is C 1 -C 12 alkyl;
R 5 is substituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl, wherein R 5 is substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —OR g , —NR g C(═O)R h , —C(═O)NR g R h , —C(═O)R h , —OC(═O)R h , —C(═O)OR h and —OR i OH, wherein:
R g is, at each occurrence independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
R h is at each occurrence independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and
R i is, at each occurrence independently C 1 -C 6 alkylene; and
x is 0, 1 or 2, and
wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkylene, alkenylene, cycloalkylene and cycloalkenylene is independently substituted or unsubstituted unless otherwise specified.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein G 3 is C 2 or C 3 alkylene.
3. The compound of claim 1 , having the following structure (IA):
wherein y and z are each independently integers ranging from 2 to 12.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L 1 is —O(C═O)R 1 , —(C═O)OR 1 or —C(═O)NR b R c , and L 2 is —O(C═O)R 2 , —(C═O)OR 2 or —C(═O)NR e R f .
5. The compound of claim 4 , having one of the following structures (IB), (IC), (ID) or (IE):
6. The compound of claim 4 , having one of the following structures (IF), (IG), (IH) or (IJ):
wherein y and z are each independently integers ranging from 2-12.
7. The compound of claim 3 , wherein y and z are each independently an integer ranging from 4 to 10.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are each, independently, branched C 6 -C 24 alkyl.
9. The compound of claim 8 , wherein R 1 and R 2 each, independently have the following structure:
wherein:
R 7a and R 7b are, at each occurrence, independently H or C 1 -C 12 alkyl; and
a is an integer from 2 to 12,
wherein R 7a , R 7b and a are each selected such that R 1 and R 2 are each independently branched and independently comprise from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
10. The compound of claim 9 , wherein at least one occurrence of R 7b is C 1 -C 8 alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl or n-octyl.
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 or R 2 , or both, independently has one of the following structures:
12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is substituted or unsubstituted: methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl or n-nonyl.
13. The compound of claim 12 , wherein R 4 is unsubstituted.
14. The compound of any one of claim 12 , wherein R 4 is substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of —OR g , —NR g C(═O)R h , —C(═O)NR g R h , —C(═O)R h , —OC(═O)R h , —C(═O)OR h and —OR i OH, wherein:
R g is, at each occurrence independently H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
R h is at each occurrence independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and
R i is, at each occurrence independently C 1 -C 6 alkylene.
15. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 5 is substituted: methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl or n-nonyl.
16. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 has one of the following structures:
17. The compound of claim 1 , having one of the following structures:
18. A composition comprising the compound of claim 1 and a nucleic acid.
19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the nucleic acid is selected from antisense and messenger RNA.
20. A method for administering a nucleic acid to a patient in need thereof, the method comprising preparing or providing the composition of claim 18 , and administering the composition to the patient.
21. A lipid nanoparticle comprising a compound of claim 1 .
22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipid nanoparticle of claim 21 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or excipient.
23. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkylene, alkenylene, cycloalkylene and cycloalkenylene is unsubstituted.