Method and system embodiments for making furfural from hemicellulose source materials
Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for producing furfural from a hemicellulose source material. Also disclosed are embodiments of a system for carrying out the method. In particular embodiments, the method can be carried out without adding an extraneous mineral acid to facilitate pentose production from the hemicellulose source material and thus byproducts produced by the method can be used as animal feed.
1. A method, comprising:
heating a slurry comprising (i) a bran material, a fiber material, or a combination thereof, and (ii) water at a temperature ranging from 150° C. to 245° C. to produce pentoses selected from xylose, arabinose, and/or other sugars from the bran material and/or the fiber material, thereby providing an aqueous mixture of residual bran and/or fiber solids and the pentoses;
recycling any organic acids produced from the bran material and/or the fiber material so as to expose the slurry to the organic acids;
filtering the residual bran and/or fiber solids from the aqueous mixture to thereby isolate an aqueous filtrate comprising the pentoses;
treating the residual bran and/or fiber solids to obtain an animal feedstock;
exposing the aqueous filtrate comprising the pentoses to a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a mesoporous silica support modified with an arene-sulfonic acid or a poly(sulfonic acid) to produce an aqueous furfural-containing composition;
exposing the aqueous furfural-containing composition to steam to promote stripping of furfural-containing vapors from the aqueous furfural-containing composition thus providing a furfural-containing fluid; and
condensing the furfural-containing fluid to provide an aqueous furfural-containing liquid.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exposing the furfural-containing liquid to a solvent extraction or azeotropic distillation to isolate furfural from the furfural-containing liquid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed batch-wise or as a continuous method.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bran material is corn bran or bran from sorghum, and the fiber material is corn fiber or fiber from sorghum.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heterogeneous catalyst is embedded in and/or on a surface of a structured packing component.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein condensing the furfural-containing fluid comprises passing the furfural-containing fluid through a condenser.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the solvent extraction comprises exposing the aqueous furfural-containing liquid to a solvent.
8. The method of claim 3 , further comprising treating a separate aqueous phase produced from the solvent extraction by passing the separate aqueous phase through a solvent stripper to separate any residual solvent that may be present in the separate aqueous phase.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein treating the residual biomass solids comprises washing the residual biomass solids and/or exposing the residual biomass solids to a dewatering device.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein treating further comprises a drying step.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method does not comprise adding an extraneous mineral acid to the slurry.
12. A method, comprising:
heating a slurry comprising (i) a bran material, a fiber material, or a combination thereof, and (ii) water at a temperature ranging from 150° C. to 245° C. to produce pentoses selected from xylose, arabinose, and/or other sugars from the bran material and/or the fiber material, thereby providing an aqueous mixture of residual bran and/or fiber solids and the pentoses;
recycling any organic acids produced from the bran material and/or the fiber material so as to expose the slurry to the organic acids;
filtering the residual bran and/or fiber solids from the aqueous mixture to thereby isolate an aqueous filtrate comprising the pentoses;
treating the residual bran and/or fiber solids to obtain an animal feedstock;
exposing the aqueous filtrate comprising the pentoses to a heterogeneous acid catalyst;
exposing the aqueous furfural-containing composition to steam to promote stripping of furfural-containing vapors from the aqueous furfural-containing composition thus providing a furfural-containing fluid; and
condensing the furfural-containing fluid to provide an aqueous furfural-containing liquid.