Normal mode operation of hybrid electric propulsion systems

1. A hybrid electric engine control module (ECU) configured to be operatively connected to a hybrid electric aircraft powerplant having a heat engine system and an electric motor system to control a torque output from each of the heat engine system and the electric motor system, the ECU being configured to:

determine that the hybrid electric aircraft powerplant is in a normal mode such that the electric motor system and the heat engine can provide a predetermined amount of torque;

receive a first power lever (PLA) setting associated with a first total torque setting;

split output power between the electric motor system and the heat engine system in accordance with the normal mode as a function of the first total torque setting so that the electric motor system outputs a first electric motor system torque and the heat engine system outputs a first heat engine system torque;

receive a second PLA setting associated with a second total torque setting lower than the first total torque setting; and

split output power between the electric motor system and the heat engine system in accordance with the normal mode as a function of the second total torque setting so that the electric motor system outputs a second electric motor system torque lower than the first electric motor system torque and the heat engine system outputs the first heat engine system torque.

2. The ECU of claim 1 , further comprising a torque splitting module configured to:

receive a total torque value; and

determine a torque split of the total torque value between the electric motor system and the heat engine system; and

control the electric motor system and the heat engine system to produce the total torque value in accordance with the determined torque split in accordance with the normal mode.

3. The ECU of claim 2 , further comprising a total torque module configured to:

determine the total torque value as a function of the first PLA setting or the second PLA setting; and

output the total torque value to the torque splitting module.

4. The ECU of claim 2 , wherein in the normal mode and at a maximum total torque setting, the torque split includes maximum heat engine system torque and maximum electric motor system torque.

5. The ECU of claim 4 , wherein in the normal mode and at a total torque setting less than maximum but greater than maximum heat engine system torque, the torque split includes maximum heat engine system torque and at least some electric motor system torque.

6. The ECU of claim 5 , wherein in the normal mode and at a total torque setting equal to or less than maximum heat engine system torque, the torque split includes at least some heat engine system torque and no electric motor system torque.

7. The ECU of claim 2 , wherein in the normal mode and a takeoff power setting, the torque split includes maximum heat engine system torque and maximum electric motor system torque.

8. The ECU of claim 7 , wherein in the normal mode and a cruise climb power setting, the torque split includes maximum heat engine system torque and less than maximum electric motor system torque.

9. The ECU of claim 8 , wherein in the normal mode and a cruise power setting, the torque split includes only heat engine system torque.

10. The ECU of claim 9 , wherein when a state-of-charge (SOC) of a battery of the electric motor system is above a minimum reserve charge, the torque split can include at least some electric motor system torque, wherein at an SOC at or below the minimum reserve SOC, the torque split can only include electric motor system torque at a takeoff power setting.

11. A hybrid electric aircraft powerplant system, comprising:

a heat engine system configured to provide torque to a propulsion device;

an electric motor system configured to provide torque to the propulsion device in addition to and/or independently of the heat engine system; and

a hybrid electric engine control module (ECU) configured to be operatively connected to a hybrid electric aircraft powerplant having a heat engine system and an electric motor system to control a torque output from each of the heat engine system and the electric motor system, the ECU being configured to:

determine that the hybrid electric aircraft powerplant is in a normal mode such that the electric motor system and the heat engine can provide a predetermined amount of torque;

receive a first power lever (PLA) setting associated with a first total torque setting;

split output power between the electric motor system and the heat engine system in accordance with the normal mode as a function of the first total torque setting so that the electric motor system outputs a first electric motor system torque and the heat engine system outputs a first heat engine system torque;

receive a second PLA setting associated with a second total torque setting lower than the first total torque setting; and

split output power between the electric motor system and the heat engine system in accordance with the normal mode as a function of the second total torque setting so that the electric motor system outputs a second electric motor system torque lower than the first electric motor system torque and the heat engine system outputs the first heat engine system torque.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the ECU further comprises a torque splitting module configured to:

receive a total torque value; and

determine a torque split of the total torque value between the electric motor system and the heat engine system; and

control the electric motor system and the heat engine system to produce the total torque value in accordance with the determined torque split in accordance with the normal mode.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the ECU further includes a total torque module configured to:

determine the total torque value as a function of the first PLA setting or the second PLA setting; and

output the total torque value to the torque splitting module.

14. The system of claim 12 , wherein in the normal mode and at a maximum total torque setting, the torque split includes maximum heat engine system torque and maximum electric motor system torque.

15. The system of claim 12 , wherein in the normal mode and a cruise climb power setting, the torque split includes maximum heat engine system torque and less than maximum electric motor system torque.

16. A method of operating a hybrid electric aircraft powerplant of an aircraft, comprising:

determining that the hybrid electric aircraft powerplant is in a normal mode such that an electric motor system and a heat engine system of the hybrid electric aircraft powerplant can provide a predetermined amount of torque;

receiving a first power lever (PLA) setting associated with a first total torque setting;

splitting output power between the electric motor system and the heat engine system in accordance with the normal mode as a function of the first total torque setting so that the electric motor system provides a first electric motor system torque and the heat engine system provides a first heat engine system torque;

receiving a second power lever (PLA) setting associated with a second total torque setting lower than the first total torque setting; and

splitting output power between the electric motor system and the heat engine system in accordance with the normal mode as a function of the second total torque setting so that the electric motor system provides a second electric motor system torque system lower than the a first electric motor system torque and the heat engine system provides the first heat engine system torque.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein splitting output power includes using no electric motor system torque at a cruise power setting.

18. The ECU of claim 1 , wherein the ECU commands recharge of a battery in at least one portion of flight when excess power is available.

19. The ECU of claim 18 , wherein the at least one portion of flight includes at least one of descent, cruise, or climb.

20. The ECU of claim 1 , wherein the ECU can command regenerating a battery with windmilling during descent or partial descent as a function of descent rate from a pilot command, flight control command, or ECU calculated rate of descent based on a parameter used by the ECU as an input.

21. The method of claim 16 , wherein:

the first PLA setting is received at a first altitude of the aircraft;

the second PLA setting is received at a second altitude of the aircraft; and

the second altitude is higher than the first altitude.

22. The method of claim 16 , wherein:

the first PLA setting is received during a take-off phase of flight of the aircraft; and

the second PLA setting is received during a climb phase of flight of the aircraft.

23. The method of claim 16 , wherein the aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft.

24. The method of claim 16 , comprising preventing battery discharge below a minimum state of charge required to execute a go-around.