Surface modified carbon black to simultaneously improve rolling resistance, wet traction, and wear resistance
Non-ASTM low hysteresis carbon blacks chemically treated, and surface coated with a compound comprising at least one amine group and at least one thiol group, and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage. When compared with a standard ASTM grade compound, the disclosed surface modified low hysteresis carbon black compound shows improved rolling resistance, wet traction, and DIN abrasion, comparable to silica compounds.
1. A method of producing a surface modified low hysteresis carbon black (SMLHCB), the method comprising:
treating a surface of a low hysteresis carbon black with from about 0.1 to about 50 wt % of a surface modifier to form the SMLHCB, wherein the surface modifier comprises at least one amine group and at least one thiol group and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein treating comprises treatment via an acid-base process.
3. A method of producing a surface modified low hysteresis carbon black (SMLHCB), the method comprising:
treating a surface of a low hysteresis carbon black with from about 0.1 to about 50 wt % of a surface modifier, wherein the surface modifier comprises at least one amine group, to form the SMLHCB, wherein an aggregate size of the low hysteresis carbon black is in a range of from about 0.005 to about 1.0 micrometers (μm).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SMLHCB has a surface area in a range of from about 10 to about 250 m 2 /g.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a number of acidic groups on the surface is increased before or during the treating of the surface.
6. A method of producing a surface modified low hysteresis carbon black (SMLHCB), the method comprising:
treating a surface of a low hysteresis carbon black (LHCB) with from about 0.1 to about 50 wt % of a surface modifier, wherein the surface modifier comprises at least one amine group, to form the SMLHCB, and using of LHCB directly without acid treatment or activating the surface and/or treating the surface with an acid to facilitate the treating of the surface with the surface modifier.
7. A method of producing a surface modified low hysteresis carbon black (SMLHCB), the method comprising:
treating a surface of a low hysteresis carbon black (LHCB) with from about 0.1 to about 50 wt % of a surface modifier, wherein the surface modifier comprises at least one amine group, to form the SMLHCB, and using the surface modifier directly without solubilizing in basic solution, or increasing solubility of the surface modifier in liquid medium by pre-treating with an inorganic or organic base.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface modifier comprises an amino acid.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the amino acid comprises a naturally occurring amino acid; a modified natural amino acid; a synthetic amino acid; a dimer thereof; a polymer thereof; a salt thereof; or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the amino acid comprises cysteine, cystine, homocysteine, homocystine, methionine, or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface modifier comprises an amino acid having at least one thiol group, and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage, or an organic and/or inorganic compound containing at least one amine group, and at least one thiol group and/or di- and/or polysulfidic linkage.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface modifier is chemically linked to the surface via single or multiple bonds.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the surface modifier is chemically linked to the surface by an amide or other bond formation, chemisorption, and/or physisorption.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the surface modifier is linked to the surface by at least one of: van der Waals interactions with a porous three-dimensional graphite lattice of the low hysteresis carbon black, covalent and/or ionic or other non-valent interactions with active surface moieties of the surface.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said active surface moieties comprise oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur on the surface.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said SMLHCB compound has a widened aggregate size distribution with higher percentage of larger aggregates than a standard ASTM grade carbon black that is not low hysteresis.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising oxidizing the surface prior to treating the surface with the low hysteresis carbon black to produce the SMLHCB compound.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the surface was oxidized by ozone treatment, heat treatment, plasma treatment, gaseous or aqueous hydrogen peroxide treatment, nitrogen oxides treatment, liquid nitric acid treatment, or a combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein an aggregate size of the low hysteresis carbon black filler is in a range of from about 0.005 to about 1.0 micrometers (μm).
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SMLHCB has a surface area in a range of from about 20 to about 200 m 2 /g.