Impedance estimation of power sources via motor inverter circuits

1. A motor drive system of a vehicle, the motor drive system comprising:

an inverter configured to receive power from a power source via a bus, wherein the inverter is connected to a motor of the vehicle, the power source being separate from the motor and comprising at least one of a battery pack, a battery module, and a cell of a battery module;

a driver configured to drive the inverter;

a filter configured to filter a current signal received from the bus to generate a filtered signal; and

one or more control modules configured to

operate in an impedance determination mode including

based on the filtered signal, control the driver and the inverter to generate a pulsed signal applied to the power source,

determine a current level and a voltage of the power source due to generation of the pulsed signal, and

determine impedance based on the current level and the voltage,

determine a characterization parameter of the power source based on the impedance; and

perform a control operation or a countermeasure based on the characterization parameter.

2. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control modules are configured, while in the impedance determination mode, to generate the pulsed signal to include (i) motor magnetizing flux current, and (ii) a torque producing current of less than a predetermined threshold.

3. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein, the one or more control modules are configured, while in the impedance determination mode, to generate the pulsed signal to include (i) motor magnetizing flux current, and (ii) zero torque producing current.

4. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control modules are configured to:

determine whether at least one of the vehicle is stopped, back electromagnetic force of the motor is less than a first predetermined threshold, a rotor of the motor is not rotating, or output torque of the motor is less than a second predetermined threshold; and

when at least one of the vehicle is stopped, the back electromagnetic force of the motor is less than the first predetermined threshold, the rotor of the motor is not rotating, or the output torque of the motor is less than the second predetermined threshold, control the driver to generate the pulsed signal experienced by the power source.

5. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the filter is a low pass filter.

6. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control modules are configured to generate the pulsed signal to sweep a frequency range, determine impedance response over the frequency range, and determine the characterization parameter based on the impedance response over the frequency range.

7. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control modules are configured, while in the impedance determination mode, to adjust phase magnitudes of phases of the motor to balance thermal energy of the phases of the motor.

8. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control modules are configured to operate in the impedance determination mode while charging the power source.

9. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control modules are configured to operate in the impedance determination mode while not charging the power source.

10. The motor drive system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control modules are configured to:

determine a temperature based on the impedance; and

adjust cooling of the power source based on the temperature.

11. The motor drive system of claim 1 , further comprising the power source, wherein the one or more control modules are configured to control allocated connection of cells of the power source to load terminals based on the impedance.

12. The motor drive system of claim 1 , further comprising the power source, wherein the one or more control modules are configured to control connected states of cells of the power source based on the impedance.

13. A method of operating a motor drive system, the method comprising:

receiving power at an inverter from a power source via a bus, wherein the inverter is connected to a motor of a vehicle, the power source being separate from the motor and comprising at least one of a battery pack, a battery module, and a cell of a battery module;

driving the inverter via a driver;

filtering a current signal received from the bus to generate a filtered signal;

operating in an impedance determination mode including

based on the filtered signal, controlling the driver and the inverter to generate a pulsed signal applied to the power source,

determining a current level and a voltage of the power source due to the generating of the pulsed signal, and

determining impedance based on the current level and the voltage,

determining a characterization parameter of the power source based on the impedance; and

performing a control operation or a countermeasure based on the characterization parameter.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising, while in the impedance determination mode, generating the pulsed signal to include (i) motor magnetizing flux current, and (ii) a torque producing current of less than a predetermined threshold.

15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising, while in the impedance determination mode, generating the pulsed signal to include (i) motor magnetizing flux current, and (ii) zero torque producing current.

16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

determining whether at least one of the vehicle is stopped, back electromagnetic force of the motor is less than a first predetermined threshold, a rotor of the motor is not rotating, or output torque of the motor is less than a second predetermined threshold; and

controlling the driver to generate the pulsed signal experienced by the power source when at least one of the vehicle is stopped, the back electromagnetic force of the motor is less than the first predetermined threshold, the rotor of the motor is not rotating, or the output torque of the motor is less than the second predetermined threshold.

17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

generating the pulsed signal to sweep a frequency range;

determining impedance response over the frequency range; and

determining the characterization parameter based on the impedance response over the frequency range.

18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising, while in the impedance determination mode, adjusting phase magnitudes of phases of the motor to balance thermal energy of the phases of the motor.

19. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

based on the impedance, determining at least one of a state of charge of the power source or a state of health of the power source; and

performing the countermeasure based on the at least one of the state of charge of the power source or the state of health of the power source.

20. The method of claim 13 , further comprising operating in the impedance determination mode while not charging the power source.