Method of treating smokeless tobacco
The method includes first adding at least one first chelator to smokeless tobacco, second adding at least one first antioxidant to the smokeless tobacco, the at least one first antioxidant being different than the at least one first chelator, and third adding at least one first flavorant to the smokeless tobacco, wherein the first adding occurs before the third adding.
1 . A method of treating smokeless tobacco, comprising:
adding at least one first chelator to smokeless tobacco;
adding at least one first antioxidant to the smokeless tobacco, the at least one first antioxidant being different than the at least one first chelator; and
adding at least one first flavorant to the smokeless tobacco, wherein the adding of the at least one first chelator occurs before the adding of the at least one first flavorant.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the at least one first antioxidant occurs before or after the adding of the at least one first flavorant.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the at least one first antioxidant and the adding of the at least one first flavorant occur at a same time.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the adding of the at least one first antioxidant and the adding of the at least one first flavorant combine to include,
forming an alcohol solution, the alcohol solution including the at least one first flavorant and the at least one first antioxidant, the at least one first antioxidant being at least one lipid-soluble antioxidant; and
adding the alcohol solution to the smokeless tobacco.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
fermenting the smokeless tobacco;
wherein the adding of the at least one first chelator occurs after the fermenting.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the adding of the at least one first antioxidant occurs after the fermenting.
7 . The method of claim 5 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes EDTA, EGTA, sodium tripolyphosphate, deferoxamine, and chlorogenic acid; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes tocopherols, tocotrienols, beta-carotene, alpha tocopheryl succinate, alpha tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, ascorbyl palmitate, BHA, BHT, TBHQ, and ubiquinol.
8 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one first chelator includes deferoxamine; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes at least one of a lipid-soluble antioxidant and a water-soluble antioxidant.
9 . The method of claim 5 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes sodium tripolyphosphate; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes at least one of a lipid-soluble antioxidant and a water-soluble antioxidant.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the adding of the at least one first chelator includes adding the at least one first chelator in an amount that is effective at suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation caused by free iron and free calcium in the smokeless tobacco.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one first chelator includes deferoxamine.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes sodium tripolyphosphate.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes chlorogenic acid.
14 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one first chelator includes EDTA, EGTA, sodium tripolyphosphate, deferoxamine, and chlorogenic acid.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the at least one first chelator includes adding the at least one first chelator in an amount effective to,
reduce redox activity of free iron in the smokeless tobacco, and
reduce calcium-induced activity of degradative enzymes in the smokeless tobacco.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes deferoxamine; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes at least one of a lipid-soluble antioxidant and a water-soluble antioxidant.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes sodium tripolyphosphate; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes at least one of a lipid-soluble antioxidant and a water-soluble antioxidant.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first chelator includes EDTA, EGTA, sodium tripolyphosphate, deferoxamine, and chlorogenic acid; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes tocopherols, tocotrienols, beta-carotene, alpha tocopheryl succinate, alpha tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, ascorbyl palmitate, BHA, BHT, TBHQ, and ubiquinol.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes deferoxamine; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes at least one of a lipid-soluble antioxidant and a water-soluble antioxidant.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes sodium tripolyphosphate; and
the at least one first antioxidant includes at least one of a lipid-soluble antioxidant and a water-soluble antioxidant.
21 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the at least one first chelator includes adding the at least one first chelator in an amount effective to,
reduce an amount of free calcium in the smokeless tobacco by about 20% or more; and
reduce an amount of free iron in the smokeless tobacco by about 60% or more.
22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first flavorant has chelating properties.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the at least one first flavorant includes citric acid.
24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein
the at least one first chelator includes a transition metal chelator; and
the at least one first chelator is different than the at least one first flavorant.
25 . The method of claim 23 , wherein the at least one first chelator includes EDTA, citric acid, or combinations thereof.
26 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the at least one first chelator includes,
forming an aqueous solution of about 15% EDTA, about 10% citric acid, or about 15% EDTA and about 10% citric acid; and
adding the aqueous solution to the smokeless tobacco, the at least one first chelator including the aqueous solution.
27 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
adding at least one second chelator, at least one second antioxidant, or combinations thereof to the smokeless tobacco;
wherein the adding of the at least one second chelator occurs at a different time than the adding of the at least, one first, chelator and the adding of the at least one first antioxidant.
28 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adding of the at least one first antioxidant occurs before the adding of the at least one first chelator.
29 . A method of treating smokeless tobacco, comprising:
adding at least one first substance to the smokeless tobacco, the at least one first substance including at least one of sodium tripolyphosphate, deferoxamine, chlorogenic acid, or combinations thereof;
adding at least one first antioxidant and at least one second antioxidant to the smokeless tobacco, the at least one first antioxidant and the at least one second antioxidant, being different than the at least one first substance, the at least one first antioxidant being lipid-soluble and the at least one second antioxidant being water-soluble; and
adding at least one first flavorant to the smokeless tobacco, wherein the adding of the at least one first substance occurs before the adding of the at least, one first flavorant.