Lightweight molded cover
Disclosed is a cover for a utility vault and a method for making such covers. The cover is formed from fiberglass reinforcement layers, a low-density core, and a polymer mix matrix. The reinforcement layers include a bottom reinforcement layer, one or more edge reinforcement layers, and a top reinforcement layer. A first portion of the edge reinforcement layer overlaps a portion of the bottom reinforcement layer and a second portion of the edge reinforcement layer overlaps a portion of the top reinforcement layer. The core is positioned between the top and bottom reinforcement layers. The reinforcement layers are formed from fiberglass fabric and may include fiberglass layers whose fibers are oriented quadraxially. The polymer mix impregnates the fabric layers, encases the core, and binds the components together. The polymer matrix includes a thermoset polymer resin.
1. A vault cover comprising:
a bottom reinforcement layer extending, at least partially along a first horizontal plane;
at least one edge reinforcement layer, a middle portion of the edge reinforcement layer disposed proximate to an edge of the vault cover, wherein a first fold connects a first portion of the edge reinforcement layer with the middle portion and wherein a second fold connects a second portion of the edge reinforcement layer with the middle portion;
a core, wherein the core comprises balsa wood, wherein the bottom reinforcing layer extends along a first major surface of the core and terminates within edges of the first major surface;
a top reinforcement layer extending, at least partially along a second horizontal plane substantially parallel with the first horizontal plane, wherein the top reinforcing layer extends along a second major surface of the core and terminates within edges of the second major surface, and wherein the core is positioned between the bottom reinforcement layer and the top reinforcement layer; and
a polymer resin matrix, wherein the polymer resin matrix comprises a polymer resin and a filler, wherein the filler comprises expanded glass beads, and wherein the polymer resin matrix comprises about 20% to about 80% by weight of expanded glass beads,
wherein an edge portion of the top reinforcement layer is positioned adjacent to the core, wherein the first portion of the edge reinforcement layer overlaps the edge portion of the top reinforcement layer on a side of the edge portion of the top reinforcement layer opposite from the core, wherein the second portion of the edge reinforcement layer extends from the middle portion inward from the edge of the vault cover along the first horizontal plane and wherein an edge portion of the bottom reinforcement layer is positioned adjacent to the core, wherein the second portion of the edge reinforcement layer overlaps the edge portion of the bottom reinforcement layer on a side of the edge portion of the bottom reinforcement layer opposite from the core, wherein the edge reinforcement layer is continuous from the first portion, through the middle portion to the second portion.
2. The vault cover of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the top reinforcement layer, the bottom reinforcement layer and the edge reinforcement layer are a fiberglass fabric.
3. The vault cover of claim 2 , wherein the fiberglass fabric comprises a quadraxial fabric.
4. The vault cover of claim 1 , wherein the balsa wood comprises end grain balsa wood.
5. The vault cover of claim 4 , wherein the end grain balsa wood has a density between 9 and 15 pounds per cubic foot.
6. The vault cover of claim 1 , wherein the balsa wood comprises drill holes and wherein the polymer resin matrix is incorporated into the core via the drill holes.
7. The vault cover of claim 1 adapted to cover one or more of a trench, a vault, a manhole, and an opening in a roadway.
8. The vault cover of claim 1 further comprising a lifting pin or lifting handle.
9. The vault cover of claim 1 , wherein the filler further comprises one or more of limestone aggregate, silica sane, chapped fiberglass fibers, polymer fibers, metallic fibers, fly ash, expanded ceramic spheres, and ceramic particles.
10. The vault cover of claim 1 , wherein the polymer resin matrix comprises about 40% to about 70% by weight of expanded glass beads.
11. The vault cover of claim 10 , wherein the polymer resin matrix comprises 50% by weight of expanded glass beads.
12. A vault cover comprising:
a bottom reinforcement layer extending, at least partially along a first horizontal plane;
at least one edge reinforcement layer, a middle portion of the edge reinforcement layer disposed proximate to an edge of the vault cover, wherein a first fold connects a first portion of the edge reinforcement layer with the middle portion and wherein a second fold connects a second portion of the edge reinforcement layer with the middle portion;
a core, wherein the core comprises balsa wood, wherein the bottom reinforcing layer extends along a first major surface of the core and terminates within edges of the first major surface;
a top reinforcement layer extending, at least partially along a second horizontal plane substantially parallel with the first horizontal plane, wherein the top reinforcing layer extends along a second major surface of the core and terminates within edges of the second major surface, and wherein the core is positioned between the bottom reinforcement layer and the top reinforcement layer; and
a polymer resin matrix, wherein the polymer resin matrix comprises a polymer resin and a filler, wherein the filler comprises expanded glass beads,
wherein an edge portion of the top reinforcement layer is positioned adjacent to the core, wherein the first portion of the edge reinforcement layer overlaps the edge portion of the top reinforcement layer on a side of the edge portion of the top reinforcement layer opposite from the core, wherein the second portion of the edge reinforcement layer extends from the middle portion inward from the edge of the vault cover along the first horizontal plane and wherein an edge portion of the bottom reinforcement layer is positioned adjacent to the core, wherein the second portion of the edge reinforcement layer overlaps the edge portion of the bottom reinforcement layer on a side of the edge portion of the bottom reinforcement layer opposite from the core, wherein the edge reinforcement layer is continuous from the first portion, through the middle portion to the second portion.