X-ray ripple markers for x-ray calibration
Various embodiments of the present disclosure include a C-arm registration system employing a controller ( 70 ) for registering a C-arm ( 60 ) to an X-ray ripple marker ( 20 ) including a ripple pattern ( 50 ) radially extending from a fixed point ( 40 ) of the X-ray ripple marker ( 20 ). In operation, the controller ( 70 ) identifies the ripple pattern ( 50 ) within an X-ray image generated from an X-ray projection by the C-arm ( 60 ) and illustrative of a portion or an entirety of the ripple pattern ( 50 ), the identification of the ripple pattern ( 50 ) within the X-ray image is characteristic of a pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm ( 60 ) relative to the X-ray rippler marker ( 20 ). The controller ( 70 ) further analyzes the ripple pattern ( 50 ) within the X-ray image to derive one or more transformation parameters definitive of the pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm ( 60 ) relative to the X-ray rippler marker ( 20 ), and registers the C-arm ( 60 ) to the X-ray ripple marker ( 20 ) based on the transformation parameter(s).
1. A C-arm registration system, comprising:
an X-ray ripple marker including a ripple pattern radially extending from a fixed point of the X-ray ripple marker; and
a C-arm registration controller configured to:
identify the ripple pattern within an X-ray image generated from an X-ray projection by a C-arm and illustrative of at least a portion of the ripple pattern,
wherein an identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image is characteristic of a pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm relative to the X-ray rippler marker;
analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image to derive at least one transformation parameter definitive of the pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm relative to the X-ray rippler marker; and
register the C-arm to the X-ray ripple marker based on the at least one transformation parameter.
2. The C-arm registration system of claim 1 , wherein the ripple pattern includes:
a plurality of concentric circular ripples.
3. The C-arm registration system of claim 1 , wherein the ripple pattern includes:
a first series of concentric arc ripples.
4. The C-arm registration system of claim 3 , wherein the ripple pattern further includes:
a second series of concentric arc ripples dissimilar to the first series of concentric arc ripples in at least one of frequency, phase and amplitude.
5. The C-arm registration system of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray ripple marker further includes:
a chirp pattern axially aligned with the ripple pattern.
6. The C-arm registration system of claim 1 , wherein the X-ray ripple marker further includes:
a landmark pattern axially aligned with the ripple pattern.
7. The C-arm registration system of claim 1 , wherein the C-arm registration controller configured to analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image includes the C-arm registration controller further configured to:
compute at least one wave projection parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image; and
derive the at least one transformation parameter from a computation of the at least one wave projection parameter computed from the identification of the rippler pattern within the X-ray image.
8. The C-arm registration system of claim 7 , wherein the C-arm registration controller configured to analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image further includes the C-arm registration controller further configured to:
apply a least squares approach to the at least one transformation parameter derived from the computation of the at least one wave projection parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
9. The C-arm registration system of claim 1 , wherein the C-arm registration controller configured to analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image includes the C-arm registration controller further configured to:
compute at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image;
apply a Fast Fourier Transform to the computation of the at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image; and
derive the at least one transformation parameter from an application of the Fast Fourier Transform to the computation of the at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
10. The C-arm registration system of claim 1 , wherein the C-arm registration controller is further configured to remove the ripple pattern from the X-ray image.
11. A C-arm registration controller, comprising:
a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions for execution by at least one processor of a registration of a C-arm to an X-ray ripple marker including a ripple pattern radially extending from a fixed point of the X-ray ripple marker, the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions to:
identify the ripple pattern within an X-ray image generated from an X-ray projection by the C-arm and illustrative of at least a portion of the ripple pattern,
wherein an identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image is characteristic of a pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm relative to the X-ray rippler marker;
analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image to derive at least one transformation parameter definitive of the pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm relative to the X-ray rippler marker; and
register the C-arm to the X-ray ripple marker based on the at least one transformation parameter.
12. The C-arm registration controller of claim 11 , wherein the instructions to analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image includes instructions to:
compute at least one wave projection parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image; and
derive to the at least one transformation parameter from an computation of the at least one wave projection parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
13. The C-arm registration controller of claim 12 , wherein the instructions to analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image further includes instructions to:
apply a least squares approach to the at least one transformation parameter derived from the computation of the at least one wave projection parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
14. The C-arm registration controller of claim 11 , wherein the instructions to analyze the ripple pattern within the X-ray image includes instructions to:
compute at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image;
apply a Fast Fourier Transform to the computation of the at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image; and
derive the at least one transformation parameter from an application of the Fast Fourier Transform to the computation of the at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
15. The C-arm registration controller of claim 11 , wherein the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium further comprises instructions to:
remove the ripple pattern from the X-ray image.
16. A C-arm registration method executable by a C-arm registration controller for registering a C-arm to an X-ray ripple marker including ripple pattern radially extending from a fixed point of the X-ray ripple marker, the C-arm registration method comprising:
identifying, via the C-arm registration controller, the ripple pattern within an X-ray image generated from an X-ray projection by the C-arm and illustrative of at least a portion of the ripple pattern,
wherein the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image is characteristic of a pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm relative to the X-ray rippler marker,
analyzing, via the C-arm registration controller, the ripple pattern within the X-ray image to derive at least one transformation parameter definitive of the pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm relative to the X-ray rippler marker; and
registering, via the C-arm registration controller, the C-arm to the X-ray ripple marker based on the at least one transformation parameter.
17. The C-arm registration method of claim 16 , wherein analyzing, via the C-arm registration controller, the ripple pattern within the X-ray image includes:
computing, via the C-arm registration controller, the at least one wave projection parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image; and
deriving to the at least one transformation parameter from the at least one wave projection parameter computed from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
18. The C-arm registration method of claim 17 , analyzing, via the C-arm registration controller, the ripple pattern within the X-ray image further includes:
applying, via the C-arm registration controller, a least squares approach to the at least one transformation parameter derived from the at least one wave projection parameter computed from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
19. The C-arm registration method of claim 16 , wherein analyzing, via the C-arm registration controller, the ripple pattern within the X-ray image includes:
computing, via the C-arm registration controller, at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image;
applying, via the C-arm registration controller, a Fast Fourier Transform to the computation of the at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image; and
deriving, via the C-arm registration controller, the at least one transformation parameter from an application of the Fast Fourier Transform to the computation of the at least one frequency parameter from the identification of the ripple pattern within the X-ray image.
20. The C-arm registration method of claim 16 , further comprising:
removing, via the C-arm registration controller, the ripple pattern from the X-ray image.