Closed-loop non-invasive transcranial stimulation and neural activity recording system and method
A support structure for placement on or about a subject's head supports an ultrasound transducer array configured to deliver transcranial stimulation to a specified region or regions of the subject's brain using pre-recorded neurostimulation data. The pre-recorded neurostimulation data comprises patterns of stimulation of the specified region or regions of the subject's brain or other person's brain developed to recreate a response by one or more of a sensing organ or sensing organs, a vestibular system, and a memory of the subject. A magnetic sensor array is mounted to the support structure and configured to transcranially sense local magnetic fields emanating from the specified region or regions of the subject's brain caused by delivery of the transcranial stimulation and produce contemporaneous neurostimulation data developed using the transcranially sensed local magnetic fields. Electronic circuitry comprising a controller is configured to control operation of the respective arrays.
1. A system, comprising:
a support structure configured for placement on or about a subject's head;
an array of ultrasound transducers mounted to the support structure and configured to deliver transcranial stimulation to a specified region or regions of the subject's brain using pre-recorded neurostimulation data, the pre-recorded neurostimulation data comprising patterns of stimulation of the specified region or regions of the subject's brain or other person's brain developed to recreate a response by one or more of a sensing organ or sensing organs, a vestibular system, and a memory of the subject;
an array of magnetic sensors mounted to the support structure, the array of magnetic sensors configured to transcranially sense local magnetic fields emanating from the specified region or regions of the subject's brain caused by delivery of the transcranial stimulation and producing contemporaneous neurostimulation data developed using the transcranially sensed local magnetic fields; and
electronic circuitry operably coupled to the array of ultrasound transducers and the array of magnetic sensors, the electronic circuitry comprising a controller configured to control operation of the array of ultrasound transducers and the array of magnetic sensors.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to be wearable and portable.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the support structure comprises a hood structure configured to be raised and lowered by an external mechanism relative to the subject's head:
support at least the array of ultrasound transducers and the array of magnetic sensors; and
position the array of ultrasound transducers and the array of magnetic sensors in proximity with the subject's skull.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the array of ultrasound transducers and the array of magnetic sensors are configured as an arrangement of interlocking transducer modules and sensor modules mounted to the support structure.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic sensors comprise one or both of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) diamond magnetic sensors and optically pumped magnetic (OPM) sensors.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the electronic circuitry comprises beamforming circuitry; and
the controller is configured to control the beamforming circuitry to steer focusing of the array of ultrasound transducers.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to one or more of:
adjust a site or sites of the subject's brain subject to the transcranial stimulation;
adjust a spatiotemporal stimulation pattern of the transcranial stimulation;
adjust power of the transcranial stimulation;
adjust a frequency or a frequency range of the transcranial stimulation;
adjust a time duration or a time parameter of the transcranial stimulation;
adjust a phase of the transcranial stimulation; and
adjust an amplitude of the transcranial stimulation.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control operation of the array of ultrasound transducers using the pre-recorded neurostimulation data and the contemporaneous neurostimulation data.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to coordinate transcranially sensing of the local magnetic fields emanating from the specified region or regions of the subject's brain concurrently with delivery of the transcranial stimulation to the specified region or regions of the subject's brain.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to adjust delivery of the transcranial stimulation using a difference between the contemporaneous neurostimulation data and the pre-recorded neurostimulation data.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a difference between the contemporaneous neurostimulation data and the pre-recorded neurostimulation data;
compare the difference to a predetermined threshold or a predetermined neural activity template; and
adjust delivery of the transcranial stimulation in response to the difference exceeding the threshold or in response to a lack of correlation relative to the predetermined neural activity template.