Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
Embodiments of systems and methods for generating power in the vicinity of a drilling rig are disclosed. During a drilling operation, heat generated by drilling fluid flowing from a borehole, exhaust from an engine, and/or fluid from an engine's water (or other fluid) jacket, for example, may be utilized by corresponding heat exchangers to facilitate heat transfer to a working fluid. The heated working fluid may cause an ORC unit to generate electrical power.
1. A method for increasing one or more of engine, generator set, or bottom-hole assembly performance, the method comprising:
sensing, via a first sensor, a temperature of a flow of drilling fluid from a borehole;
sensing, via a second sensor, an ambient temperature of a drilling rig;
determining electrical power utilized by drilling rig equipment and generated by a generator set driven by an engine; and
in response to one or more of (a) a determination that the temperature of the flow of drilling fluid from the borehole exceeds an operating range, (b) a determination that the ambient temperature exceeds an ambient temperature threshold, (c) a determination that the electrical power utilized by the drilling rig equipment exceeds a power requirement threshold, or (d) a determination that the ambient temperature exceeds an engine operating range:
adjusting one or more of (1) a first working fluid flow control device to control a flow of working fluid to a drilling fluid heat exchanger, the drilling fluid heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the drilling fluid to the flow of the working fluid, thereby to cause a power generation unit to generate electrical power, (2) a second working fluid flow control device to control a flow of working fluid to an exhaust heat exchanger, the exhaust fluid heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from exhaust generated by the engine to the flow of the working fluid, thereby to cause a power generation unit to generate electrical power, or (3) a third working fluid flow control device to control a flow of working fluid to a fluid jacket heat exchanger, the fluid jacket fluid heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the fluid of the fluid jacket to the flow of the working fluid, thereby to cause a power generation unit to generate electrical power.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjustment of the first working fluid flow control device to cause an increase in working fluid flow to the drilling fluid heat exchanger causes a decrease in the temperature of drilling fluid, thereby to decrease cooling via a mud chiller and further thereby to decrease overall electrical power utilized at the drilling rig.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the power generation unit comprises an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit, and wherein adjustment of the second working fluid flow control device to cause an increase in working fluid flow to the exhaust heat exchanger causes an increase in overall electrical power generated by the ORC unit due to the high heat of the exhaust, thereby to optimize engine and generator set performance.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid jacket comprises a water jacket, wherein the fluid jacket heat exchanger comprises a water jacket heat exchanger, and wherein adjustment of the third working fluid flow control device to cause an increase in working fluid flow to the water jacket heat exchanger causes an increase in engine performance due to increased heat transfer from the engine to the working fluid.
5. A method for generating power in the vicinity of a drilling rig, the method comprising:
operating a drilling rig to form a borehole in a subsurface formation;
sensing, via a sensor, an ambient temperature of the drilling rig;
during operation of the drilling rig, selecting one or more fluids from one or more corresponding heat sources based on the ambient temperature of the drilling rig, the one or more fluids selected to flow to one or more corresponding heat exchangers, each of the one or more corresponding heat exchangers positioned to transfer heat from one or more corresponding fluids to a flow of a working fluid to generate a heated working fluid, thereby to cause a power generation unit to generate electrical power; and
in response to a determination that the ambient temperature exceeds an engine operating range, adjusting an amount of flow of the one or more fluids to the one or more corresponding heat exchangers.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more heat sources includes exhaust produced by one of one or more engines positioned in the vicinity of the drilling rig or fluid from a fluid jacket corresponding to one or more engines.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more heat sources include drilling fluid utilized during operation of the drilling rig, and wherein one or more of the one or more heat sources are selected based on temperature of fluid from each of the one or more heat sources.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein one or more of the one or more heat sources is selected based on one or more of engine optimization, electrical power output maximization, or electrical power utilization at the drilling rig.
9. The method of claim 5 , further comprising: supplying, via the power generation unit, generated electrical power to one or more of battery banks, other energy storage devices, a grid, a mud chiller, field equipment, or other equipment.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein one or more fluids from the one or more corresponding heat sources is selected based on whether one or more of a flow rate or temperature of each of the one or more fluids from one or more corresponding heat sources is sufficient to facilitate heat transfer to the working fluid to cause the power generation unit to generate electrical power.
11. The method of claim 5 , further comprising: based on the one or more fluids selected, adjusting a position of one or more corresponding heat exchanger valves, the one or more corresponding heat exchanger valves configured to divert, based on adjusted position, an amount of the one or more fluids selected to the one or more corresponding heat exchangers.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more corresponding heat exchanger valves is controlled by one or more of (1) a controller via signals to indicate adjustment position of each of the one or more corresponding heat exchanger valves or (2) a user located at a drilling rig.
13. A method for generating power in the vicinity of a drilling rig, the method comprising:
sensing, via a first sensor positioned along an engine exhaust return pipe, a temperature of engine exhaust;
sensing, via a second sensor, a temperature of a flow of fluid from an engine fluid jacket;
sensing, via a third sensor, a temperature of a working fluid flowing from each of one or more corresponding heat exchangers; and
selecting, based on one or more of (a) engine optimization, (b) electrical power output maximization, (c) electrical power utilization at the drilling rig (d) the temperature of the engine exhaust, (e) the temperature of the flow of fluid from the engine fluid jacket, or (f) the temperature of the working fluid flowing from each of the one or more corresponding heat exchangers, diversion of an amount of one or more of (1) the engine exhaust, via a first heat exchanger supply valve, from an engine exhaust conduit to a first heat exchanger or (2) fluid, via a second heat exchanger supply valve, from the engine fluid jacket to a second heat exchanger, each of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger positioned to transfer heat from the engine exhaust and fluid to the flow of the working fluid to generate a heated working fluid, thereby to cause a power generation unit to generate electrical power.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein selection of diversion the amount of one or more engine exhaust and fluid further is based on ambient temperature at the drilling rig, temperature of the engine exhaust, temperature of the fluid, temperature of working fluid corresponding to the engine exhaust, or temperature of working fluid corresponding to the fluid.
15. A method for increasing one or more of engine, generator set, or bottom-hole assembly performance, the method comprising:
sensing, via a sensor, an ambient temperature of a drilling rig;
determining electrical power utilized by drilling rig equipment and generated by a generator set driven by an engine;
in response to one or more of (a) the ambient temperature exceeding an ambient temperature threshold or (b) the electrical power utilized by the drilling rig equipment exceeding a power requirement threshold:
adjusting one or more of (1) a first working fluid flow control device to control a flow of working fluid to an exhaust heat exchanger, the exhaust fluid heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from exhaust generated by the engine to the flow of the working fluid, thereby to generate electrical power, or (2) a second working fluid flow control device to control a flow of working fluid to a fluid jacket heat exchanger, the fluid jacket fluid heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the fluid of the fluid jacket to the flow of the working fluid, the fluid jacket configured to cool the one or more engines, the transferred heat to cause a power generation unit to generate electrical power.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the drilling rig equipment includes a mud chiller, wherein adjustment of the first working fluid flow control device to cause an increase in working fluid flow to the drilling fluid heat exchanger causes a decrease in the temperature in drilling fluid to thereby decrease electrical power utilization of the mud chiller, wherein the power generation unit comprises an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit, wherein adjustment of the first working fluid flow control device causes an increase in working fluid flow to the exhaust heat exchanger, thereby to increase overall electrical power generated by the ORC unit due to the high heat of the exhaust, wherein the fluid jacket comprises a water jacket, wherein the fluid jacket heat exchanger comprises a water jacket heat exchanger, and wherein adjustment of the second working fluid flow control device to cause an increase in working fluid flow to the water jacket heat exchanger causes an increase in engine performance due to increased heat transfer from the engine to the working fluid.