Transition metal-containing, ion exchangeable colored glasses
Glasses that can be chemically strengthened and are colored by transition metals. Most of the glasses are black, with some having high damage resistance and compressive surface layers having high compressive stress and depth of layer after ion exchange. These colored glasses do not require a post-forming heat treatment to produce color and are formable by fusions drawing, rolling, slot drawing, and float glass processes.
1. A silicate glass, the silicate glass having a Vickers crack initiation threshold of greater than 25 kgf and comprising:
at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 ;
at least about 10 mol % Na 2 O;
Al 2 O 3 , wherein −0.5 mol % Al 2 O 3 (mol %)-Na 2 O (mol %) 2 mol %;
B 2 O 3 , wherein (i) B 2 O 3 ≤8.0 mol %, and (ii) B 2 O 3 (mol %)−(Na 2 O (mol %)−Al 2 O 3 (mol %)) 4.5 mol %; and
at least 0.11 mol % of at least one transition metal oxide colorant, the transition metal oxide colorant comprising at least one of V 2 O 5 , NiO, CuO, Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Co 3 O 4 ;
wherein the silicate glass is black and exhibits color coordinates:
L*: 24 to 30;
a*: −4.5 to 0.5; and
b*: −1.1 to 1.3; and
wherein the silicate glass exhibits a transmission of less than 1% at each wavelength in the range of from 400 nm to 770 nm.
2. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass has a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 30 kgf.
3. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass has a layer under a compressive stress of at least about 600 MPa, the layer extending from a surface of the silicate glass into the silicate glass to a depth of layer of at least about 30 μm.
4. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises from about 60 mol % to about 66 mol % SiO 2 .
5. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises at least about 0.1 mol % of at least one of MgO and ZnO.
6. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises greater than 4.5 mol % B 2 O 3 in which boron cations are three-fold coordinated.
7. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises:
from about 12 mol % to about 22 mol % Al 2 O 3 ;
from about 10 mol % to about 20 mol % Na 2 O;
from 0 mol % to about 5 mol % K 2 O;
0 mol %≤MgO≤6 mol %; and
0 mol %≤ZnO≤6 mol %.
8. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein:
0 mol %≤V 2 O 5 ≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤NiO≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤CuO≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤Cr 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤MnO 2 ≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %, and
0 mol %≤Co 3 O 4 ≤6 mol %.
9. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass is opaque.
10. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass has a thickness of about 1 mm and a transmission of less than 1% at wavelengths in a range from about 380 nm to about 770 nm.
11. The silicate glass of claim 10 , wherein the transmission is 0%.
12. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass forms at least a portion of a cover plate, a touch screen, a watch crystal, a solar concentrator, a window, a screen, or a container.
13. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass has a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 35 kgf.
14. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises 4.97 mol % to 8 mol % B 2 O 3 .
15. A silicate glass, the silicate glass having a Vickers crack initiation threshold of greater than 25 kgf, the silicate glass comprising:
at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 ;
at least 10 mol % Na 2 O;
0 mol % K 2 O;
Al 2 O 3 , wherein Al 2 O 3 (mol %)<Na 2 O (mol %);
2.90 mol % to 5.00 mol % B 2 O 3 , wherein B 2 O 3 (mol %)−(Na 2 O (mol %)−Al 2 O 3 (mol %)) 2 mol %; and
at least 0.11 mol % of at least one transition metal oxide colorant, the transition metal oxide colorant comprising at least one of V 2 O 5 , NiO, CuO, Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Co 3 O 4 ; and
wherein the silicate glass ac and exhibits color coordinates:
L*: 24 to 26.1;
a*: 0 to 0.20; and
b*: −2.0 to −0.5; and
wherein the silicate glass exhibits a transmission of less than 1% at each wavelength in the range of from 400 nm to 770 nm.
16. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the Vickers crack initiation threshold is at least 30 kgf.
17. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass comprises from about 3 mol % to about 4.5 mol % B 2 O 3 in which boron cations are three-fold coordinated.
18. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein B 2 O 3 (mol %)−(Na 2 O (mol %)−Al 2 O 3 (mol %)) 4.5 mol %.
19. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass comprises from about 66 mol % to about 74 mol % SiO 2 ,
wherein the silicate glass exhibits color coordinates:
L*: 24 to 25;
a*: 0 to 0.20; and
b*: −2.0 to −0.5.
20. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass comprises at least about 0.1 mol % of at least one of MgO and ZnO,
wherein the silicate glass exhibits color coordinates:
L*: 24 to 25;
a*: 0 to 0.20; and
b*: −2.0 to −0.5.
21. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the glass comprises:
from about 9 mol % to about 22 mol % Al 2 O 3 ;
0 mol %≤MgO≤6 mol %; and
0 mol %≤ZnO≤6 mol %.
22. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass contains less than about one inclusion per kilogram of silicate glass, the inclusion having a diameter of at least 50 μm.
23. The silicate glass of claim 22 , wherein the silicate glass comprises:
0 mol %≤V 2 O 5 ≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤NiO≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤CuO≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤Cr 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤MnO 2 ≤6 mol %,
0 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %, and
0 mol %≤Co 3 O 4 ≤6 mol %.
24. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass forms at least a portion of a cover plate, a touch screen, a watch crystal, a solar concentrator, a window, a screen, or a container.
25. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass is opaque.
26. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass has a thickness of about 1 mm and a transmission of less than 1% at wavelengths in a range from about 380 nm to about 770 nm.
27. The silicate glass of claim 26 , wherein the transmission is 0%.
28. The silicate glass of claim 15 , wherein the silicate glass has a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 35 kgf.