Compounds and compositions for use
The present disclosure provides compounds and compositions which may be used to augment, supplement and/or replace the products of certain UV sensitive/dependent processes. In particular, the disclosure provides sunscreen compositions which avoid problems associated with prior art sunscreen compositions which inhibit the natural progression of certain in vivo sunlight/UV dependent processes including processes which result in Nitric Oxide/Vitamin D production in the skin.
1. A method of treating diseases associated with reduced, impaired or inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and/or vitamin D production, said method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising:
(i) a thiol compound selected from the group consisting of: glutathione, cysteine, homocysteine, cysteamine and thiolactate, and/or a disulfide selected from the group consisting of: dithioglycolate; lipoic acid (oxidised) and cystine; and
(ii) a NO-precursor compound selected from the group consisting of: nitrite-containing compounds; nitrate-containing compounds; and nitro-containing organic compounds.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises:
(iii) 7-dehydrocholesterol.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NO-precursor compound is selected from the group consisting of:
metal nitrites;
sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 );
potassium nitrite;
dinitrosyl-iron complexes;
iron sulfur compounds;
sodium nitrate;
potassium nitrate;
carboxylic acid comprising a nitro (—NO 2 ) group;
nitropropionic acid;
nitrooleate;
3-nitropropionic acid;
9-nitrooleate; and
10-nitrool eate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject exposed or to be exposed to the sun and requiring the use of a sunscreen composition.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is administered to, applied to or used by a subject:
(i) to be exposed to the sun; or
(ii) a subject susceptible, predisposed to or at risk of developing a disease or condition associated with reduced NO and/or vitamin D(3) production.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein when the NO-precursor compound is a metal nitrate, the metal nitrate is selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
7. A method of augmenting or stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production in a subject in need thereof, said subject wearing or using a sunscreen composition, said method comprising using, applying or administering a sunscreen composition comprising:
(i) a thiol compound selected from the group consisting of: glutathione, cysteine, homocysteine, cysteamine and thiolactate, and/or a disulfide selected from the group consisting of: dithioglycolate; lipoic acid (oxidised) and cystine; and
(ii) a NO-precursor compound selected from the group consisting of: nitrite-containing compounds; nitrate-containing compounds; and nitro-containing organic compounds.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composition further comprises:
(iii) 7-dehydrocholesterol and the method further comprises augmenting or stimulating vitamin D3 production in a subject wearing or using a sunscreen composition.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the NO-precursor compound is selected from the group consisting of:
metal nitrites;
sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 );
potassium nitrite;
dinitrosyl-iron complexes;
iron sulfur compounds;
sodium nitrate;
potassium nitrate;
carboxylic acid comprising a nitro (—NO 2 ) group;
nitropropionic acid;
nitrooleate;
3-nitropropionic acid;
9-nitrooleate; and
10-nitrooleate.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the subject is a subject exposed or to be exposed to the sun and requiring the use of a sunscreen composition.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composition is administered to, applied to or used by a subject:
(i) to be exposed to the sun; or
(ii) a subject susceptible, predisposed to or at risk of developing a disease or condition associated with reduced NO and/or vitamin D(3) production.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein when the NO-precursor compound is a metal nitrate, the metal nitrate is selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
13. A method of providing a sunscreen composition which:
(i) does not substantially inhibit NO and/or vitamin D production in a subject in need thereof; and/or
(ii) which facilitates, enhances, induces and/or stimulates a level of vitamin D and/or NO production in a subject in need thereof;
said method comprising supplementing a sunscreen composition with:
(i) (a) a thiol compound selected from the group consisting of: glutathione, cysteine, homocysteine, cysteamine and thiolactate, and/or a disulfide selected from the group consisting of: dithioglycolate; lipoic acid (oxidised) and cystine; and
(b) a NO-precursor compound selected from the group consisting of: nitrite-containing compounds; nitrate-containing compounds; and nitro-containing organic compounds; and optionally
(ii) 7-dehydrocholesterol.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein when the NO-precursor compound is a metal nitrate, the metal nitrate is selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.