Recycling methods and systems, and related plastic containers
A plastic item, such as a beverage bottle, conveys two distinct digital watermarks, encoded using two distinct signaling protocols. A first, printed label watermark conveys a retailing payload, including a Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) used by a point-of-sale scanner in a retail store to identify and price the item when presented for checkout. A second, plastic texture watermark conveys a recycling payload, including data identifying the composition of the plastic. The use of two different signaling protocols assures that a point-of-sale scanner will not spend its limited time and computational resources working to decode the recycling watermark, which lacks the data needed for retail checkout. In some embodiments, a recycling apparatus makes advantageous use of both types of watermarks to identify the plastic composition of the item (e.g., relating GTIN to plastic type using an associated database), thereby increasing the fraction of items that are correctly identified for sorting and recycling. A great number of other features and arrangements are also detailed.
1. A recycling method practiced in a waste management facility that processes an incoming material stream, the method including the acts:
(a) decoding first machine-readable payload data, comprising plural symbols, from imagery depicting a first item in said material stream;
(b) based on the first machine-readable payload data, determining that the first item comprises a first type of material;
(c) decoding second machine-readable payload data, comprising plural symbols, from imagery depicting a second item in said material stream;
(d) based on the second machine-readable payload data, determining that the second item comprises a second type of material different than the first type of material; and
(e) sorting said material stream in the waste management facility based on said determined types of materials;
detecting that a machine-readable indicia is present in said imagery;
the machine-readable indicia comprises a first digital watermark pattern conveyed by the first item, and said first item also conveys a second digital watermark pattern different than the first digital watermark pattern;
the material stream is moved by a conveyor belt at a speed, and the imagery comprises an image sequence captured at a frame rate, the sequence including first, second and third frames, the method further includes the acts:
analyzing plural image blocks in the first frame for a watermark clue;
detecting a watermark clue in a first image block of the first frame; and
in response to said detecting, identifying, in the second frame, one or more second image blocks for analysis based on said conveyor belt speed and said frame rate.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the first type of material is polyethylene terephthalate, and the second type of material is high-density polyethylene.
3. The method of claim 1 that includes decoding the first watermark machine-readable payload data from imagery depicting a label on the first item.
4. The method of claim 1 that includes decoding the second machine-readable payload data from imagery depicting a surface texture on the second item.
5. The method of claim 1 in which the first item is a bottle.
6. The method of claim 1 in which the first machine-readable payload data decoded from the depiction of the first item includes a fixed message portion and a variable message portion, and said variable message portion includes plural fields, wherein one of said fields is a global trade item number (GTIN) field.
7. The method of claim 1 in which the first machine-readable payload data includes a code identifying a material used in the first item, and the second machine-readable payload data includes linking data, wherein the method further includes obtaining a code identifying a material used in the second item from a database, through use of said linking data.
8. The method of claim 1 that includes:
assessing first and second pixel patches in the captured imagery to determine whether said patches likely depict a conveyor belt;
processing the first pixel patch to decode machine-readable payload data as a consequence of said assessing determining that the first pixel patch likely does-not depict the conveyor belt; and
not processing the second pixel patch to decode machine-readable payload data as a consequence of said assessing determining that the second pixel patch likely does depict the conveyor belt;
wherein the first machine-readable payload data is decoded from imagery comprising the first pixel patch.
9. The method of claim 1 that includes illuminating a first region of the material stream with a first illumination source, and illuminating a second region of the material stream with a second illumination source of a type different than the first illumination source, wherein the first machine-readable payload data is decoded from depiction of the first item captured when illuminated by the first illumination source, and the second machine-readable payload data is decoded from depiction of the second item captured when illuminated by the second illumination source.
10. The method of claim 9 in which the first illumination source emits illumination of a first color, and the second illumination source emits illumination of a second, different, color.
11. The method of claim 9 in which the first illumination source emits illumination of a first polarization state, and the second illumination source emits illumination of a second, different, polarization state.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein acts (a) and (b) include:
detecting that a machine-readable indicia is present in said imagery;
decoding said first machine-readable payload data from the detected machine-readable indicia; and
interpreting said decoded first machine-readable payload data as including a recycling code indicating said first type of material.
13. The method of claim 12 that includes, after said detecting that a machine-readable indicia is present in said imagery:
determining a version ID for the machine-readable indicia; and
decoding said first machine-readable payload data from the machine-readable indicia in accordance with said version ID.
14. The method of claim 13 that includes validating the detected machine-readable indicia after detecting that a machine-readable indicia is present in said imagery, and before said determining of the version ID.
15. The method of claim 1 that includes determining, in act (b), that the first item comprises composite consumer packaging material including two different materials, the method including sorting said material stream based on said first type of material being a composite material including two different materials.
16. The method of claim 15 in which act (a) includes decoding the first machine-readable payload data from imagery depicting a surface texture of the first item.
17. The method of claim 1 that includes determining, in act (b), that the first item comprises composite consumer packaging material including both plastic and paper, the method including sorting said material stream based on said first type of material being a composite material including both plastic and paper.
18. The method of claim 17 in which act (a) includes decoding the first machine-readable payload data from imagery depicting a surface texture of the first item.
19. The method of claim 1 in which act (a) includes decoding the first machine-readable payload data from imagery depicting a surface texture of the first item.
20. The method of claim 1 in which the first and second digital watermark patterns encode different payload data.