Method for producing power with stored energy
An energy storage system has a pressure vessel that is exposed to ambient temperatures and that contains a working fluid which is condensable at ambient temperatures (CWF); a liquid reservoir in communication with one of the vessels and containing a liquid that is unvaporizable in the reservoir and in the vessel; and apparatus for delivering the liquid from the reservoir to the vessel. The CWF is compressible within the vessel upon direct contact with the liquid and is storable in a liquid state after being compressed to its saturation pressure. In a method, at least some of the liquid located in the vessel is propelled by the CWF towards a turbine to produce power. In one embodiment, a module has a first vessel having at least four ports, a second vessel at ambient temperatures, and a flow control component operatively connected to a corresponding conduit for selectively controlling fluid flow.
1. A method for producing power with stored energy, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first pressure vessel and a second pressure vessel, wherein said second pressure vessel is capable of being in fluid communication with said first pressure vessel and is set to a temperature no greater than ambient temperatures;
b) substantially isothermally compressing, within said first pressure vessel, a condensable working fluid (CWF) that is condensable at ambient temperatures during direct contact with an unvaporizable liquid and causing at least a portion of the compressed CWF to be transferred from said first pressure vessel to said second pressure vessel in response to interaction with the unvaporizable liquid;
c) transferring an additional amount of compressed CWF to said second pressure vessel to cause all or a majority of the CWF within said second pressure vessel to be compressed to its saturation pressure and be condensed to produce liquid CWF;
d) propelling at least some of the unvaporizable liquid located in said first pressure vessel by the compressed CWF discharged from said second pressure vessel towards at least one hydraulic turbine; and
e) rotatably driving said at least one hydraulic turbine by the propelled unvaporizable liquid to produce power,
wherein flow of the unvaporizable liquid to said second pressure vessel is prevented while the at least a portion of the compressed CWF is being transferred from said first pressure vessel to said second pressure vessel.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the CWF is substantially isothermally compressed by activating a unit of mixing equipment in fluid communication with the first or second pressure vessel and thereby eliminating temperature gradients within the CWF.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the unit of mixing equipment is activated in response to a sensed condition indicative of liquefaction of the CWF.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least some of the unvaporizable liquid located in said first pressure vessel is propelled by the compressed CWF discharged from said second pressure vessel towards the at least one hydraulic turbine when the discharged compressed CWF is in a liquid state, a gas state or in a multiphase state.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of causing at least a portion of the compressed CWF to be transferred from said first pressure vessel to said second pressure vessel is performed during a plurality of charging cycles.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the step of propelling at least some of the unvaporizable liquid located in said first pressure vessel by the compressed CWF discharged from said second pressure vessel is performed during a plurality of discharging cycles.
7. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising the steps of:
i. providing a third pressure vessel that is capable of being in fluid communication with said first pressure vessel, wherein, prior to performing one of a charging cycle or a discharging cycle, said third pressure vessel is completely filled with a first fluid selected from CWF gas or the unvaporizable liquid and said first pressure vessel is completely filled with a second fluid selected from CWF gas or the unvaporizable liquid which is different than the first fluid; and
ii. performing the one of a charging cycle or a discharging cycle such that, when terminated, said third pressure vessel is completely filled with the second fluid and said first pressure vessel is completely filled with the first fluid.
8. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising performing the other of a charging cycle or a discharging cycle when said third pressure vessel is completely filled with the second fluid and said first pressure vessel is completely filled with the first fluid.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compressed CWF discharged from said second pressure vessel expands substantially isothermally during direct contact with the unvaporizable liquid within the first pressure vessel.