Method and apparatus for electrical current therapy of biological tissue and insulin release therefrom

1. A method for stimulating insulin release from pancreatic tissue within a pancreas, comprising:

acquiring, by processing circuitry, data from at least one sensor;

comparing, by the processing circuitry, a value of the acquired data from the at least one sensor to at least one pre-determined threshold value;

generating, by the processing circuitry, a pulsed biphasic electrical current based on the comparison of the value of the acquired data from the at least one sensor to the at least one pre-determined threshold value; and

applying the generated pulsed biphasic electrical current to the pancreatic tissue within a patient's pancreas via at least one electrode in an amount sufficient to elicit insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in the pancreatic tissue, wherein insulin release is increased from the pancreatic beta cells while increasing GTP levels in the pancreatic tissue.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor includes at least one glucose sensor, and the at least one pre-determined threshold value includes a blood glucose concentration associated with a healthy blood glucose concentration for a patient.

3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one electrode is positioned within a head of the pancreas via a common bile duct of the pancreas.

4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one sensor further includes an at least one voltage sensor and the at least one pre-determined threshold value corresponds to a depolarization voltage of a membrane of the pancreatic tissue.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein application of the generated pulsed biphasic electrical current to the pancreatic tissue is sufficient to cause transient depolarization of plasma cell membranes of the pancreatic tissue.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the transient depolarization of the plasma membranes of the pancreatic tissue is sufficient to activate L-type calcium channels in the pancreatic tissue.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing the magnitude of the voltage of the pulsed biphasic electrical current in an amount sufficient to increase the rate of insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising increasing the time that the voltage of the pulsed biphasic electrical current is applied to the pancreatic tissue in an amount sufficient to increase the rate of insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein insulin release is increased from the pancreatic beta cells while reducing oxygen consumption of the pancreatic tissue.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein insulin release is increased from the pancreatic beta cells without substantially damaging plasma membranes of the pancreatic tissue.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method for performing electrical current therapy on pancreatic tissue within a pancreas, the method comprising:

acquiring data from at least one sensor;

comparing a value of the acquired data from the at least one sensor to a pre-determined threshold value;

generating an electrical current based on the comparison of the value of the acquired data from the at least one sensor to the pre-determined threshold value; and

applying the generated pulsed biphasic electrical current to the pancreatic tissue within a patient's pancreas via at least one electrode in an amount sufficient to elicit insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in the pancreatic tissue, wherein insulin release is increased from the pancreatic beta cells while increasing GTP levels in the pancreatic tissue.

12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one pre-determined threshold value includes a blood glucose concentration associated with a healthy blood glucose concentration for a patient.

13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 12 , wherein the at least one pre-determined threshold value further includes a depolarization voltage of a membrane of the pancreatic tissue.

14. A system for performing electrical current therapy on pancreatic tissue within a pancreas, the system comprising:

at least one sensor and at least one electrode;

a controller operably coupled to the at least one sensor and the at least one electrode to:

acquire data from the at least one sensor;

compare a value of the acquired data from the at least one sensor to a pre-determined threshold value;

generate an electrical current based on the comparison of the value of the acquired data from the at least one sensor to the pre-determined threshold value; and

apply the generated pulsed biphasic electrical current to the pancreatic tissue within a patient's pancreas via the at least one electrode in an amount sufficient to elicit insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in the pancreatic tissue, wherein insulin release is increased from the pancreatic beta cells while increasing GTP levels in the pancreatic tissue.

15. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one sensor includes at least one glucose sensor, and the at least one pre-determined threshold value includes a blood glucose concentration associated with a healthy blood glucose concentration for a patient.

16. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one sensor further includes an at least one voltage sensor and the at least one pre-determined threshold value corresponds to a depolarization voltage of a membrane of the pancreatic tissue.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10 , wherein insulin release is increased from the pancreatic beta cells while reducing oxygen consumption of the pancreatic tissue.

18. The system according to claim 14 , wherein insulin release is increased from the pancreatic beta cells while reducing oxygen consumption of the pancreatic tissue.