Compositions and methods for reducing methane producing bacteria in animals
Compositions for reducing the emission of methane by ruminant animals are disclosed. The compositions include avian antibodies against methanogens generally found in the rumen of the animals. Egg contents of eggs from female birds inoculated with immunogenic compositions containing one or more methanogens or antigens derived from methanogens are used. The antibodies in the egg contents may be used directly without further purification, may be partially purified or purified. The compositions may be administered in drinking water or in animal feed. Administering of the anti-methanogenic composition reduces the emission of methane and increases the efficiency of feed conversion.
1. A method of reducing methane gas production from a ruminant comprising administering an anti-methanogen composition comprising egg contents from an egg laid by a hen, wherein the egg contents comprise avian antibodies, wherein the egg contents are produced from eggs laid by female birds inoculated with an immunogenic composition comprising Methanobrevibacter ruminantium ( M. ruminantium ) or antigens derived from M. ruminantium , wherein the egg contents are spray dried to form spray dried egg powder, wherein administration of the anti-methanogen composition binds and/or inactivates M. ruminantium in a rumen of the ruminant and reduces production of methane in the ruminant, wherein the method comprises administering between at least 0.25 g of the spray dried egg powder/head/day and about 1.5 g of the spray dried egg powder/head/day, and wherein the spray dried egg powder comprises 4 mg of avian antibodies per 1 g of egg powder.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the avian antibodies in the anti-methanogen composition increase an amount of volatile fatty acids in the ruminant.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the egg contents are whole egg contents or partially purified egg contents.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the egg contents are administered in drinking water, by coating a ruminant feed, adding to the ruminant feed, administered orally into the mouth of the ruminant and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the immunogenic composition further comprises one or more methanogens selected from Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii, Methanobrevibacter stadtmaniae, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobacter formicium, Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanosphaera sp. Methanomassiliicoccaseae -affiliated groups.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the immunogenic composition further comprises an adjuvant.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the avian antibodies in the anti-methanogen composition reduce colonization of protozoa in the rumen by methanogens.
8. The method of claim 1 where in the ruminant is a bovine.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-methanogen composition further comprises a stabilizer and the stabilizer is added to the egg contents prior to or after spray drying.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises administering between at least 0.5 g of the spray dried egg powder/head/day and about 1.5 g of the spray dried egg powder/head/day.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the stabilizer is trehalose.