Solvent cast electrocaloric polymer films
A method of making an electrocaloric element includes dissolving or dispersing an electrocaloric polymer in an organic solvent having a boiling point of less than 100° C. at 1 atmosphere to form a liquid composition comprising the electrocaloric polymer. A film of the liquid composition is cast on a substrate, and the organic solvent is evaporated to form a film of the electrocaloric polymer. The film is removed from the substrate and disposed between electrical conductors to form an electrocaloric element.
1. A method of making a heat transfer system, comprising
dissolving or dispersing an electrocaloric polymer in an organic solvent to form a liquid composition comprising the electrocaloric polymer in an amount of 0.1 to 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the liquid composition; wherein the electrocaloric polymer is liquid crystal polymer having a structure
casting a film of the liquid composition on a substrate;
evaporating the organic solvent to form a film comprising the electrocaloric polymer;
wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, chlorobenzene, supercritical CO 2 , or a combination thereof;
removing the film from the substrate; and
disposing the film between electrical conductors to form an electrocaloric element; and
providing a fluid flow path between the electrocaloric element and a heat source or a heat sink for controlled heat transfer between the electrocaloric element and the heat source or heat sink.
2. A method of making an electrocaloric element, comprising
dissolving or dispersing an electrocaloric polymer in an organic solvent to form a liquid composition comprising the electrocaloric polymer in an amount of 0.1 to 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the liquid composition; wherein the electrocaloric polymer is a liquid crystal polymer having a structure
casting a film of the liquid composition on a substrate;
evaporating the organic solvent to form a film comprising the electrocaloric polymer;
wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, chlorobenzene, supercritical CO 2 , or a combination thereof;
removing the film from the substrate; and
disposing the film between electrical conductors.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solvent has a boiling point of less than 70° C. at 1 atmosphere.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic solvent is evaporated at a temperature of 0° C. to 100° C. at <=10 atm.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the film is annealed for 1 minute to 1000 hours following evaporation of the organic solvent.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the film is annealed at a temperature of 0° C. to 200° C. following evaporation of the organic solvent.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the film has a breakdown strength of at least 10 V/μm.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the film has a breakdown strength of at least 50 V/μm.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the film has a breakdown strength of at least 100 V/μm.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the film has an electrocaloric adiabatic temperature lift of at least 0.1° C. when measured at 20 V/um and an external temperature of 25° C.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the film has an electrocaloric adiabatic temperature lift of at least 5° C. when measured at 20 V/um and an external temperature of 25° C.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the film has a electrocaloric adiabatic temperature lift of at least 10° C. when measured at 20 V/um and an external temperature of 25° C.
13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the film has a resistivity of at least 10 10 Ω·cm.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the film has a dielectric loss tangent of less than or equal to 0.5.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the film has a dielectric loss tangent of at least 0.001.