Staged combustor
There is provided a method of operating a gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine comprises a staged combustor comprising an arrangement of fuel spray nozzles in which fuel flow is biased to a subset of the nozzles adjacent one or more ignitors during a re-light procedure. The method comprises providing fuel to the combustor having a calorific value of at least 43.5 MJ/kg. Also disclosed is a gas turbine engine.
1. A method of operating a gas turbine engine, the gas turbine engine comprising a staged combustor comprising a controller and an arrangement of fuel spray nozzles, the arrangement of fuel spray nozzles comprising a total number of fuel spray nozzles divided into one or more first subsets and one or more second subsets, each of the fuel spray nozzles in the one or more first subsets is located adjacent one or more ignitors and each of the fuel spray nozzles in the one or more second subsets are circumferentially spaced away from the one or more ignitors, the controller configured to perform the method comprising:
biasing fuel flow to the one or more first subsets of the fuel spray nozzles that are adjacent the one or more ignitors during an in-flight re-light procedure based upon a calorific value of the fuel, wherein the calorific value is at least 43.5 MJ/kg, and to further bias the fuel flow to the one or more first subsets of the fuel spray nozzles adjacent the one or more ignitors at higher power levels.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises providing fuel to the combustor having a calorific value of between 43.5 MJ/kg and 44 MJ/kg.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises providing fuel to the combustor having a calorific value of at least 43.8 MJ/kg.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the method comprises providing fuel to the combustor having a calorific value of between 43.8 MJ/kg and 44 MJ/kg.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel spray nozzles are between 14 and 22 in number and/or a number of the fuel spray nozzles per unit engine core size is in the range 2 to 6.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first subsets of fuel spray nozzles comprises at least one half of the total number of fuel spray nozzles.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the arrangement of fuel spray nozzles comprises duplex nozzles and single flow nozzles.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ignitors is at least two ignitors and the one or more first subsets of fuel spray nozzles comprises at least two groups of nozzles, each of the at least two groups of nozzles adjacent a respective one of the at least two or more ignitors.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least two ignitors are symmetrical about a circumference of the combustor.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a) the fuel provided to the combustor has an aromatic content of 10% or lower by volume; and/or
b) the gas turbine engine comprises a fuel-oil heat exchanger, and the method comprises transferring heat from oil to the fuel before the fuel enters the combustor to lower the fuel viscosity to 0.58 mm 2 /s or lower on entry to the combustor at cruise conditions.
11. A gas turbine engine for an aircraft, comprising:
a staged combustor comprising an arrangement of fuel spray nozzles and one or more ignitors, the arrangement of fuel spray nozzles comprising a total number of fuel spray nozzles divided into one or more first subsets and one or more second subsets. each of the fuel spray nozzles in the one or more first subsets is located adjacent the one or more ignitors and each of the fuel spray nozzles in the one or more second subsets are circumferentially spaced away from the one or more ignitors; and
a controller configured to bias fuel flow to the one or more first subsets of the fuel spray nozzles adjacent the one or more ignitors during an in-flight re-light procedure based upon a calorific value of the fuel, wherein the calorific value is at least 43.5 MJ/kg, and to further bias the fuel flow to the one or more first subsets of the fuel spray nozzles adjacent the one or more ignitors at higher power levels.
12. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the fuel has a calorific value of between 43.5 MJ/kg and 44 MJ/kg.
13. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the fuel has a calorific value of at least 43.8 MJ/kg.
14. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the fuel spray nozzles are between 14 and 22 in number and/or a number of the fuel spray nozzles per unit engine core size is in the range 2 to 6.
15. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the one or more first subsets of fuel spray nozzles comprises at least one half of the total number of the fuel spray nozzles.
16. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the arrangement of fuel spray nozzles comprises duplex nozzles and single flow nozzles.
17. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the one or more ignitors is at least two ignitors and the one or more fist subsets of fuel spray nozzles comprises at least two groups of nozzles, each of the at least two groups of nozzles adjacent a respective one of the at least two or more ignitors.
18. The gas turbine engine of claim 17 , wherein the at least two ignitors are symmetrical about a circumference of the combustor.
19. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein:
a) the fuel provided to the combustor has an aromatic content of 10% or lower by volume; and/or
b) the gas turbine engine comprises a fuel-oil heat exchanger, and the controller is configured to control transfer of heat from oil to the fuel within the fuel-oil heat exchanger before the fuel enters the combustor to lower the fuel viscosity to 0.58 mm 2 /s or lower on entry to the combustor at cruise conditions.
20. The gas turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the in-flight re-light procedure is during cruise.