Photoplethysmography sensors and processes
The present disclosure relates to devices and processes that produce superior photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. In various embodiments, the present devices and processes leverage load backing, conformal contact, and strain isolation mechanisms to produce higher quality and amplitude PPG signals, and provide more repeatable results than previous devices and processes. In at least one embodiment, the devices discussed herein include a rigid support structure and elastic spacer for supporting a PPG sensor and various adhesive layers.
1. A method of applying a sensing device comprising:
preparing skin of a patient for attaching a patch comprising:
a sensing device comprising a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor;
a first area corresponding to the sensing device on the patch and comprising a first adhesive;
a second area surrounding the first area and comprising a second adhesive; and
at least one alignment feature for guiding translational and rotational placement of the patch on a chest of the patient;
removing backing from the patch to expose the first adhesive and the second adhesive;
translationally locating the patch on the chest of the patient based on a base of a neck of the patient and the at least one alignment feature;
rotationally locating the patch along a longitudinal axis of the chest of the patient via the at least one alignment feature such that the PPG sensor is approximately over a heart of the patient; and
affixing the patch to the patient via the first adhesive and the second adhesive.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patch comprises a cradle for attaching the sensing device to the patch.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the PPG sensor extends through an opening defined by the patch and an opening defined by the cradle.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sensing device further comprises one or more electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the at least one alignment feature comprises an indicator line for rotationally locating the patch along the longitudinal axis of the chest of the patient.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein rotationally locating the patch comprises aligning the indicator line along a sternum of the patient.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein:
the at least one alignment feature comprises an arc for translationally locating the patch based on the base of the neck of the patient; and
the indicator line extends perpendicular to the arc.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the one or more ECG electrodes is near or over the sternum of the patient when the patch is affixed to the patient.
9. A method of applying a sensing device comprising:
preparing skin of a patient for attaching a patch comprising:
a sensing device comprising a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor; and
at least one alignment feature for guiding translational and rotational placement of the patch on a chest of the patient;
removing backing from the patch to expose a first adhesive and a second adhesive;
translationally locating the patch on the chest of the patient based on a base of a neck of the patient and the at least one alignment feature;
rotationally locating the patch along a longitudinal axis of the chest of the patient via the at least one alignment feature such that the PPG sensor is approximately over a heart of the patient; and
affixing the patch to the patient via the first adhesive and the second adhesive.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the patch comprises a cradle for attaching the sensing device to the patch.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the PPG sensor extends through an opening defined by the patch and an opening defined by the cradle.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sensing device further comprises one or more electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one alignment feature comprises an indicator line for rotationally locating the patch along the longitudinal axis of the chest of the patient.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein rotationally locating the patch comprises aligning the indicator line along a sternum of the patient.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the at least one alignment feature comprises an arc for translationally locating the patch based on the base of the neck of the patient; and
the indicator line extends perpendicular to the arc.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein at least one of the one or more ECG electrodes is near or over a sternum of the patient when the patch is affixed to the patient.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein:
the patch comprises:
a first area corresponding to the sensing device; and
a second area surrounding the first area;
the first area comprises the first adhesive; and
the second area comprises the second adhesive.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first adhesive is a stronger adhesive than the second adhesive.