Electrical connector having an electrically insulated grounding layer
An electrical connector is disclosed including an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve received within the outer sleeve such that the inner sleeve contacts the outer sleeve and can slide relative to the outer sleeve in a first direction. The electrical connector can include a resilient member configured to bias the inner sleeve away from the outer sleeve in the first direction and an insulating layer covering at least a portion of the outer sleeve. The electrical connector can include a grounding layer covering at least a portion of the insulating layer. The insulating layer can electrically insulate the outer grounding layer from the outer sleeve.
1. An electrical connector having a first end and a second end, the second end opposite the first end along a first direction, the electrical connector comprising:
an outer sleeve;
an inner sleeve received within the outer sleeve such that the inner sleeve contacts the outer sleeve and can slide relative to the outer sleeve in the first direction;
a resilient member configured to bias the inner sleeve away from the outer sleeve in the first direction;
an insulating layer covering at least a portion of the outer sleeve; and
a grounding layer covering at least a portion of the insulating layer,
wherein:
the outer sleeve defines a planar surface at the second end for surface mounting the electrical connector;
the grounding layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first circular cross-section in the first direction and a first inner radius in a second direction, the second direction perpendicular to the first direction;
the outer sleeve includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first circular cross-section in the first direction and a first outer radius in the second direction; and
the second portion of the outer sleeve extends in the second direction beyond the first outer radius of the outer sleeve and the first inner radius of the grounding layer.
2. The electrical connector of claim 1 , wherein:
the grounding layer has a circular cross-section in the first direction and has an inner radius in the second direction;
the outer sleeve has a circular cross-section in the first direction and has an outer radius in the second direction; and
a ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius ranges from about 2 to about 1.05.
3. The electrical connector of claim 1 , wherein:
the grounding layer has a circular cross-section in the first direction and has an inner radius in the second direction;
the outer sleeve has a circular cross-section in the first direction and has an outer radius in the second direction; and
a ratio of the outer radius to the inner radius is selected to provide the electrical connector with an impedance of about 50 ohms.
4. The electrical connector of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer comprises a polymer composition that contains at least one thermoplastic polymer.
5. The electrical connector of claim 4 , wherein the polymer composition exhibits a dielectric constant of about 10 or less.
6. The electrical connector of claim 4 , wherein the polymer composition exhibits a dielectric loss tangent of about 0.1 or less.
7. The electrical connector of claim 4 , wherein the polymer composition has a melting temperature of about 270° C. or more.
8. The electrical connector of claim 4 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer includes a polyamide.
9. A method for forming an electrical connector, the method comprising:
arranging a resilient member within an outer sleeve;
fitting an inner sleeve within the outer sleeve such that the inner sleeve contacts the outer sleeve and can slide relative to the outer sleeve in a first direction, and such that the resilient member is configured to bias the inner sleeve away from the outer sleeve in the first direction;
forming an insulating layer over a portion of the outer sleeve, the insulating layer comprising a polymer composition having a melting temperature greater than about 300° C.; and
arranging a grounding layer over at least a portion of the insulating layer such that the insulating layer electrically insulates the outer grounding layer from the outer sleeve,
wherein:
the grounding layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first circular cross-section in the first direction and a first inner radius in a second direction, the second direction perpendicular to the first direction;
the outer sleeve includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first circular cross-section in the first direction and a first outer radius in the second direction; and
the second portion of the outer sleeve extends in the second direction beyond the first outer radius of the outer sleeve and the first inner radius of the grounding layer.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polymer composition contains at least one thermoplastic polymer.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polymer composition exhibits a dielectric constant of about 10 or less.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polymer composition exhibits a dielectric loss tangent of about 0.1 or less.
13. An electrical system comprising:
a first electrical component having a grounding terminal and a signal terminal;
a second electrical component having a grounding terminal and a signal terminal; and
an electrical connector comprising:
an outer sleeve contacting the signal terminal of the second electrical component, the outer sleeve including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a circular cross-section in a first direction, the second portion of the outer sleeve contacting the signal terminal of the second electrical component along a planar surface extending beyond the circular cross-section in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction;
an inner sleeve received within the outer sleeve such that the inner sleeve contacts the outer sleeve and can slide relative to the outer sleeve in the first direction, the inner sleeve of the electrical connector contacting the signal terminal of the first electrical component;
a resilient member configured to bias the inner sleeve away from the outer sleeve in the first direction;
an insulating layer covering at least a portion of the outer sleeve; and
a grounding layer covering at least a portion of the insulating layer, the grounding layer contacting the grounding terminal of the first electrical component and contacting the grounding terminal of the second electrical component, the grounding layer having a circular cross-section in the first direction,
wherein:
the grounding layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having the circular cross-section and the second portion having a length extending beyond the circular cross-section of the grounding layer in the second direction, the length parallel to the planar surface of the outer sleeve and spaced apart from the planar surface of the outer sleeve along the first direction, and
the insulating layer including a first portion and a second portion, the second portion having a length extending in the second direction, the length of the insulating layer disposed in the first direction between the planar surface of the outer sleeve and the length of the grounding layer to electrically insulate the grounding layer from the outer sleeve.
14. The electrical system of claim 13 , wherein:
the grounding layer has an inner radius in the second direction;
the outer sleeve has an outer radius in the second direction; and
a ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius ranges from about 1.05 to about 2.
15. The electrical system of claim 13 , wherein:
the grounding layer has an inner radius in the second direction;
the outer sleeve has an outer radius in the second direction; and
a ratio of the outer radius to the inner radius is selected to provide the electrical connector with an impedance of about 50 ohms.
16. The electrical connector of claim 1 , wherein an uncompressed length of the electrical connector along the first direction ranges from about 1 mm to about 12 mm, and wherein a compressed length of the electrical connector along the first direction ranges from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein:
the second portion of the grounding layer extends in the second direction beyond the first circular cross-section of the upper portion of the grounding layer;
the second portion of the outer sleeve extends in the second direction parallel to the second portion of the grounding layer; and
the insulating layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the insulating layer having a circular cross-section, the first portion of the insulating layer positioned between the first portion of the grounding layer and the first portion of the outer sleeve, the second portion of the insulating layer extending in the second direction between the first portion of the insulating layer, and the second portion of the insulating layer positioned between the second portion of the grounding layer and the second portion of the outer sleeve.
18. The method of claim 9 , wherein the second portion of the outer sleeve defines a planar surface for surface mounting the electrical connector.